Luke 21:16 And ye shall be betrayed both by parents, and brethren,

KJV: 

Luke 21:16 And ye shall be betrayed both by parents, and brethren, and kinsfolks, and friends; and some of you shall they cause to be put to death.

LISTENERS HEARD: 

You are going to be turned over, however, not only by parents but also siblings and relatives and loved ones. And they might deal death among you.

GREEK (Each Word Explained Bottom of Page): 

LOST IN TRANSLATION: 

There are a lot of "and's" in this verse, but the first "and" isn't one. The first "and" is somewhat mistranslated. All of these noun describing relationships have the same form in the male and female except for the word for parents. The male form of the word for parents means both male and female parents but the female form of the word refers to offspring, not parents.

The Greek word translated as "and" means "but", "however", and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better. 

"Ye shall be betrayed" is a compound word which literally means "to give over." It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that. It is used like we use the term "turn over".

The Greek word translated as "both" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also." This clearly begins a series of and's so "no only" is best.

The word translated as "by" primarily means "by", "under," or "with" (with the genitive and a passive verb). Its primary meaning is "under" both in the sense of moving under, being under, and being under different forms of compulsion. With passive verbs, as here, it describes the cause.

"Parents" is a word that means "progenitor" and can refer to parents or ancestors.

The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also."  Since this is the second appearance, "but also" works best.

The word translated as "brethren" means a biological brother, any kinsmen, and more broadly and friend or associate.

The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

The noun translated as "kinsfolk"  means "kinsmen", "inborn",  "of the same family", "kinsfolk", and "akin."  We would say "relatives". The word is uncommon for Jesus.

The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

The term translated as "friends" is the adjective form one of three or four words in Greek for "love". The actual word means "embraced".  This is usually described as "brotherly love". It is in the form of an adjective used as a noun. In English, we would say "loved ones". 

The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

There is no some in the Greek.

The Greek preposition translated as "of" means "out of" or "from." In Greek, they use the genitive case instead of a preposition for the types of phrases with usually use with "of." The sense here is "from among".

"You shall they cause to be put to death" is the verb form of the word for "death". It means "to put to death," and "to cause death," but it also means "to mortify."  "Deal death" work best with the prepostion used.

COMPARISON: GREEK to KJV : 

παραδοθήσεσθε ( verb 2nd pl fut ind pass ) "Ye shall be betrayed" is paradidomi, which means "to give over to another", "to transmit", "to hand down", "to grant", "to teach," and "to bestow." -- "Shall deliver up" is a compound word which literally means "to give over." It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that.

δὲ (conj/adv) "And" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand." It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be a weak connective ("and") and explanation of cause ("so") and a condition ("if"). --

καὶ (conj/adv) "Both" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."

ὑπὸ (prep) "By" is hypo (hupo), which means [with genitive] "from under (of motion)", "down under," under, beneath," indicating a cause with passive verbs, "by", "under," or "with", "under the cover or protection of", "of the agency of feelings, passions," "expressing subjection or dependence," "subordinate", "subject to;" [with accusative] "towards" and "under" (to express motion), "under" (without a sense of motion), "subjection", "control", "dependence," of Time, "in the course of", "during", "about," as an adverb, "under", "below," beneath, the agency or influence under which a thing is done"by", "before,' and "under," (with genitive and passive verbs of cause). -

γονέων (noun pl masc gen) "Parents" is goneus, which mean "progenitor" and can refer to parents or ancestors.

καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."

ἀδελφῶν ( noun pl masc/fem gen ) "Brethren" is adelphos, which means "son of the same mother", "kinsman", "colleague", "associate," and "brother."

καὶ "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."

συγγενῶν  [uncommon](adj pl masc/fem gen) "Kinsfolk" is syggenes, which means "congenital",  "inborn", "character", "natural,""of the same family", "kinsfolk", "kindred," and "akin." This word is not used in Matthew, appears in Mark only here, and twice in Luke, though in different verses.

καὶ "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."

φίλων, (adj sg masc/fem gen) "Friends" is from philos, which as an adjective means "loved", "beloved", "dear", "kith and kin", "nearest and dearest", "friends," and (of things) "welcome" and "pleasant."

καὶ "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."

θανατώσουσιν ( verb 3rd pl fut ind act or verb 3rd pl aor subj act) "Shall they  put to death" is thanatoo, which means "to put to death", "to be made dead (passive)", "to be put to death by sentence of law", "to be fatal," and "to cause death." --

ἐξ (prep) "Some of" is ek, which means 1) [of motion] "out of", "from", "by", "away from;" 2) [of place] "beyond", "outside of", "beyond;" 3) [of succession] "after", "from;" 4) [of rest] "on", "in," 5) [of time] "since", "from", "at", "in;" 5) [of materials] "out of", "made from."

ὑμῶν, (pron 2nd pl gen) "You" is humon, the plural possessive form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you." -- The word translated as "your" is plural addressing a group of Jesus's listeners.

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Front Page Date: 

Jan 4 2019