Spoken to:
After the Last Supper, on the Mount of Olives.
KJV:
NIV :
Mark 14:30 Truly I tell you, today—yes, tonight—before the rooster crows twice you yourself will disown me three times.”
3RD (NLT, if not otherwise identified):
Mark 14:30 I tell you the truth, Peter—this very night, before the rooster crows twice, you will deny three times that you even know me.”
LISTENERS HEARD:
Amen, I tell you that you youself, on this day, this very night, sooner than a cock wants to sound twice, thrice, you will deny me yourself.
MY TAKE:
We deny Jesus for ourselves.
GREEK (Each Word Explained Bottom of Page):
GREEK ORDER:
LOST IN TRANSLATION:
Jesus starts with his catchphrase "verily I say." After this catchphrase, he then inserts a hanging subject, "you yourself," but then he doesn't say what "you" action is doing until the last word, his punchline. He just provides the subject, leaving the listener in suspense for the rest of the verse. This makes the accusation much more light-hearted. The "yourself" is repeated at the end of the verse by the middle voice of the verb punchline.
In all translations, the exaggerated and humorous phrase, "sooner than" is translated dryly as "before." This version differs from the other Gospels because it has the cock crowing twice after the three denials. In Greek, the words rhyme like "twice" and "thrice" to in English. Its use here creates a great deal of suspense of in verse.
# KJV TRANSLATION ISSUES:
- OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek missing word "your yourself" is in the source we use today.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "even" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "than" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the" is not shown in the English translation.
- WV -- Wrong Voice -- This verb is a middle voice, which requires a "by/for yourself" or a "yourself" as an object.
# NIV TRANSLATION ISSUES:
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "that" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "your yourself" is not shown in the English translation.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "yes" should be something more like "here."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "than" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the" is not shown in the English translation.
# 3RD TRANSLATION ISSUES:
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "the" before "truth" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF - Wrong Form - The "truth" is not a noun but an adverb, "truly."
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "Peter" should be something more like "you yourself."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "that" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "this day" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "very" does not capture the word's specific meaning in this situation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "that you even know" at the beginning of this verse is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "than" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the" is not shown in the English translation.
- IP - Inserted phrase-- The phrase "that you even know" doesn't exist in the source.
- WV -- Wrong Voice -- This verb is a middle voice, which requires a "by/for yourself" or a "yourself" as an object.
EACH WORD of KJV :
Verily -- The word translated as "verily" is from the Hebrew word that means "truly" or "certainly," but it sounds like the Greek word with the same meaning. In Greek, the word also means "to reap." See this article discussing this "amen phrase."
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the following verb.
say -- The word translated as "say" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.
unto -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use: a "to" as an indirect object.
thee, -- The Greek pronoun "thee" here is singular and in the form of an indirect object, "to you", "for you", etc.
That -- In the Greek source, this is a word here that means "that" or "because." So what follows is a dependent clause, indicating either what they were "saying" or why they were saying it.
missing "you yourself"-- (OS) An untranslated word appears here that means "you yourself." Since pronouns are not usually used for subject in Greek, its use is to accentuate the word like we would say "you yourself".
this day, -- The Greek word translated as "this day" is an adverb that means "for today" and "on this day."
even -- (IW) There are no Greek word that can be translated as "even" in the Greek source.
in - -- In the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used. OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek word translated as "behold" existed in the KJV Greek source but not the source we use today, this word "in" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, here, "on" a time, and an "in" for the area of effect.
this -- The "this" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," the nearer, "here," or "there," the further depending on usage. It often follows the noun so it repeats the idea of the noun as "this one."
missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article." See this article for more.
night, "Night" is the Greek noun that means "night", "midnight", and is a metaphor for darkness.
before -- Before" is is an adverb means "before", "sooner", "formerly," and "hitherto." Here, "sooner" works better because of the following untranslated word.
missing "than"-- (MW) The untranslated word means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. Here, the sense is "sooner than."
the -- (WW) There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a word doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
cock -- The word for "cock" means a "rooster" and also a "husband."
crow -- The word translated as "crow" simply means "to utter cries." It doesn't mean "crow" specifically like the English word does.
twice, -- "Twice" is a Greek word that means "twice" or "doubly"
thou -- This is from the second-person, singular form of the following verb.
shalt -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the following verb is the future tense or a form that indicates possibility at some time. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
deny -- The word translated as "deny" means "deny" and "reject." It is in a form that means the subject does this for himself.
me -- "Me" is from the regular first-person pronoun in Greek.
missing "by/for yourself"-- (WV) A phrase is necessary because the form of the previous verb is a middle voice, which means that the subject is to act on "yourself," "for yourself" or "by yourself."
thrice -- "Thrice" is a adverb that means "three times" and "thrice."
EACH WORD of NIV :
Truly -- The word translated as "truly " is from the Hebrew word that means "truly" or "certainly," but it sounds like the Greek word with the same meaning. In Greek, the word also means "to reap." See this article discussing this "amen phrase."
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the following verb.
say -- The word translated as "say" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.
you, -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is singular and in the form of an indirect object, "to you", "for you", etc.
missing "that"-- (MW) The untranslated word "that" or "because." So what follows is a dependent clause, indicating either what they were "saying" or why they were saying it.
missing "you yourself"-- (MW) An untranslated word appears here that means "you yourself." Since pronouns are not usually used for subject in Greek, its use is to accentuate the word like we would say "you yourself".
today -- The Greek word translated as "today" is an adverb that means "for today" and "on this day."
yes, -- (WW) -- The "this" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," the nearer, "here," or "there," the further depending on usage. It often follows the noun so it repeats the idea of the noun as "this one."
tonight -- This "tonight" is from two Greek words meaning "this night." The "this" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," the nearer or the further depending on usage. "Night" is the Greek noun that means "night", "midnight", and is a metaphor for darkness.
missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article." See this article for more.
before -- Before is an adverb means "before", "sooner", "formerly," and "hitherto." Here, "sooner" works better because of the following untranslated word.
missing "than"-- (MW) The untranslated word means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. Here, the sense is "sooner than."
the -- (WW) There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a word doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
rooster -- The word for "rooster" means a "rooster" and also a "husband."
crows -- The word translated as "crows" simply means "to utter cries." It doesn't mean "crow" specifically like the English word does.
twice, -- "Twice" is a Greek word that means "twice" or "doubly"
you -- This is from the pronoun that begins the sentence and the second-person, singular form of the following verb.
yourself -- This should come from the middle form of the verb that indicated someone acting on, by, or for themselves.
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates that the following verb is the future tense or a form that indicates possibility at some time. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
disown -- The word translated as "disown" means "deny" and "reject." It is in a form that means the subject does this for himself.
me -- "Me" is from the regular first-person pronoun in Greek.
three times. -- "Thrice" is a adverb that means "three times" and "thrice."
EACH WORD 3RD (NLT or as noted):
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the following verb.
tell -- The word translated as "say" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.
you, -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is singular and in the form of an indirect object, "to you", "for you", etc.
the -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "the" in the Greek source. I
truth -- (WF) The word translated as "truth" is the Hebrew word that means "truly" or "certainly," The "truth" is not a noun but an adverb, "truly." See this article discussing this "amen phrase."
Peter -- (WW) There is no Greek word that can be translated as "Peter" in the Greek source but there is a 2nd-person pronoun in the fomr of a subject, "you yourself."
missing "that"-- (MW) The untranslated word "that" or "because." So what follows is a dependent clause, indicating either what they were "saying" or why they were saying it.
missing "this day"-- (MW) The untranslated word"this day" is an adverb that means "for today" and "on this day."
this This word is the Greek definite article, which can also be translated as "this." See this article for more.
very -- (CW) -- The "this" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," the nearer or the further depending on usage.
night, "Night" is the Greek noun that means "night", "midnight", and is a metaphor for darkness.
before -- Before" is an adverb means "before", "sooner", "formerly," and "hitherto." Here, "sooner" works better because of the following untranslated word.
missing "than"-- (MW) The untranslated word means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. Here, the sense is "sooner than."
the -- (WW) There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a word doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
rooster -- The word for "rooster" means a "rooster" and also a "husband."
crows -- The word translated as "crows" simply means "to utter cries." It doesn't mean "crow" specifically like the English word does.
twice, -- "Twice" is a Greek word that means "twice" or "doubly"
you -- This is from the second-person, singular form of the following verb.
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates that the following verb is the future tense or a form that indicates possibility at some time. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
deny -- The word translated as "deny" means "deny" and "reject." It is in a form that means the subject does this for himself.
three times. -- "Thrice" is an adverb that means "three times" and "thrice."
that you even know -- (IP) There are no Greek words that can be translated as "that you even know" in the Greek source.
missing "by/for yourself"-- (WV) A phrase is necessary because the form of the previous verb is a middle voice, which means that the subject is to act on "yourself," "for yourself" or "by yourself."
me. -- "Me" is from the regular first-person pronoun in Greek.
COMPARISON: GREEK to KJV :
Ἀμὴν [88 verses](exclaim) "Verily" is amen, which is the Hebrew, meaning "truly," "of a truth," and "so be it." It has no history in Greek of this meaning before the NT. However, this is also the infinitive form of the Greek verb amao, which means "to reap" or "to cut."
λέγω [264 verses](1st sg pres ind act/subj) "I say" is lego, which means "to recount," "to tell over," "to say," "to speak," "to teach," "to mean," "boast of," "tell of," "recite," nominate," and "command." It has a secondary meaning "pick out," "choose for oneself," "pick up," "gather," "count," and "recount." A less common word that is spelled the same means "to lay," "to lay asleep" and "to lull asleep."
σοὶ [81 verses](pron 2nd sg dat) "You" is soi which is the singular, second-person pronoun, "you," in the form of an indirect pronoun.
ὅτι [332 verses](adv/conj) "That" is hoti, which introduces a statement of fact "with regard to the fact that," "seeing that," and acts as a causal adverb meaning "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."
σὺ [36 verses](pron 2nd sg nom) "Thee/you" is su , which means "you" in the second-person pronoun in form of a singular subject.
σήμερον [14 verses](adv) "This day" is semeron, which is an adverb that means "for today" and "on this day."
ταύτῃ [16 verses] (adv/adj sg fem dat) Thos is taute, which can be either an adverb or adjective. As an adverb this it means "in this way," "therefore," and "that is why." As an adjective, it means "this," "that," "there," and "here." It can mean the nearer or the further depending on usage.
τῇ [821 verses] (article sg fem dat) (article) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"), which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." --
νυκτὶ [11 verses] (noun sg fem dat) "Night" is from nyx, which means "night", "midnight", and is a metaphor for darkness.
πρὶν [4 verses](prep) "Before" is from prin, which means "before", "sooner", "formerly," and "hitherto."
ἢ [92 verses](conj/exclam/adv) Untranslated is e, which is a particle meaning "either", "or," or "than." OR e which is an exclamation meaning "hi!" OR (adv) e, which is an adverb meaning "surly""doubtless."
δὶς [3 verses](adv) "Twice" is dis, which means "twice" or "doubly"
ἀλέκτορα [4 verses](noun sg masc acc) "Cock" is from alektor which means "rooster", "cock", "husband," and "consort." It is also a metaphor for a trumpeter.
φωνῆσαι [10 verses](verb 3rd sg aor opt act) "Crow" is from phoneo which means "to speak loudly or clearly" (of men), "uttering cries" (of animals), "affirm" (in court), "call by name", "command," and "speak of."
τρὶς [3 verses](adv) "Thrice" is from tris, which means "three times" and "thrice."
με. [49 verses](pron 1st sg masc acc) "Me" is eme, which is the objective first-person, objective, singular pronoun that means "me."-
ἀπαρνήσῃ [9 verses](verb 2nd sg fut ind mp) "Thou shalt deny" is aparneomai, which means "to deny utterly", "to refuse", "to reject," and "to deny."