After Jesus has fun with the Pharisees, a lawyer takes offense as well.
Luke 11:50 That the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation of the world, may be required of this generation;
Because it might be demanded, the blood of all the luminaries, that having been poured out from a tossing up of society from this type here.
Society has been tossed up and blood can cause it to be tossed down.
The Greek word translated as "prophets" means "one who speaks for God," "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt, but its root words mean "shine light before" and so "luminaries," "shining lights" or "enlightened" seems to capture the idea better. Jesus uses it to refer not only to divine spokespeople but their books in the OT. It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English. It means "one who speaks for God", "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt. It does not mean "one who sees the future" as it does in English. The sense is more a "luminary" because the Greek word comes from "light shining." Read this article for more information.
The word translated as "foundation" and "beginning" means, literally, "tossing down," which in English would mean "overthrow." In English, we would say "tossing up." It is a casual word, and used by Jesus only three times. The word translated as "world" means "society." Neither word has "the" before it, not "the foundation of the world" but "a tossing up of society," a much more light-hearted message.
"The word translated as "generation" means "race", "family", and "generation". The sense is a "type" or a "specimen" of a particular type. Jesus uses this term frequently in criticism, but that criticism seems more aimed at a particular type of people than his generation. Thre Greek says "this type here" rather than "this generation," so it clearly referred to the Pharisees and lawyers present.
- UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "prophets" means "luminaries." It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "which " should be something more like "that."
- WT - Wrong Tense - The "was" indicates the past tense but the tense is past perfect.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "the" before "foundation" doesn't exist in the source.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "the" before "world" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "of" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "this" works better in this situation as "here.".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "generation" is not shown in the English translation.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "therefore" should be something more like "because."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "from" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "this" works better in this situation as "here.".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "generation" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not a subject but a possessive.
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "will" should be something more like "should."
- UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "prophets" means "luminaries." It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "since" should be something more like "from."
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "the" before "beginning " doesn't exist in the source.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "the" before "world" doesn't exist in the source.
That -- -- The word translated as "that" is a conjunction that starts a subordinate clause "that," "when," "in order that" "when," or "because."As an adverb it is translated as "there" is an adverb "in that place," "there," "where," or "when."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
blood -- "Blood" is the Greek word that means "blood," "bloodshed," and "kinship." Its common double meaning of bloodshed and kinship.
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
all -- The word translated as "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all," "the whole," "every," and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything." As an adverb, it means "in every way," "on every side," and "altogether."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
prophets,-- (UW) The Greek word translated as "prophets" means "one who speaks for God," "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt, but its root words mean "shine light before" and so "luminaries," "shining lights" or "enlightened" seems to capture the idea better. Jesus uses it to refer not only to divine spokespeople but their books in the OT. It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English. It means "one who speaks for God", "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt. It does not mean "one who sees the future" as it does in English. The sense is more a "luminary" because the Greek word comes from "light shining." Read this article for more information.
which - (WW)- The word translated as "which " is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This word doesn't mean "which ."
was-- (WT, WF) This helping verb "was" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. This helping verb indicates the past tense of the verb. This verb is in the past, perfect tense so "has" is correct. This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing." WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing."
shed -- The Greek word translated as "was" means "to pour out," and "spill," but it is a metaphor for "to be forgotten" and to be "overcome with emotion."
from -- The word translated as "from" means "from" in both locations and when referring to a source or a cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done and "away from." It is not the word form usually translated as "of." Referring to time, it means "from," and "after."
the -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
foundation - -"Foundation" is from a Greek noun that means "throwing down", "sowing", "nativity", "laying a foundation", "building", "foundation", "beginning", "set purpose", "detraction," and "abuse."
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
the -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
world, -- Jesus uses the word translated as "world" to mean "the world order," and "civilization," specifically its "rulers," or its organization. Today, we use the word "society" or "regime" in this sense. More about this word in this article about related words.
may -- This helping verb in English comes from the form of the Greek verb that indicates a possibility. We would usually say "might" or "should" in English.
be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
required - -"Required" is a Greek verb that means "to seek out" and "to demand an accounting of". It is passive and in a form that indicates something that might happen. This word is the only used by Jesus in this verse and the next in the Bible. The form is changed in the next verse.
of --- (CW) The word translated as "of" means "from" in both locations and when referring to a source or a cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done and "away from." It is not the word form usually translated as "of." Referring to time, it means "from," and "after."
this -- (CW) The "this" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," the nearer, "here," or "there." It often follows the noun to further identify it as the one "here" or there." When preceded by a definite article that also functions as a "this," this word more clearly means "here."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
generation; -- The word translated as "generation" means "race," "offspring," "class," "sort," "type," "generation," "age," and "kind." " The sense is a "type" or a "specimen" of a particular type. Jesus uses it to refer to a type of person, specifically those like the Pharisees. See this article. This is a feminine noun so it is slightly insulting when applied to men. There is also a neuter form the means the same things.
Therefore -- (WW) - The word translated as "therefore " is a conjunction that starts a subordinate clause "that," "when," "in order that" "when," or "because."As an adverb it is translated as "there" is an adverb "in that place," "there," "where," or "when."This word doesn't mean "word."
missing "from" -- (MW) The untranslated word "from" means "from" in both locations and when referring to a source or a cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done and "away from." It is not the word form usually translated as "of." Referring to time, it means "from," and "after."
this -- (CW) The "this" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," the nearer, "here," or "there." It often follows the noun to further identify it as the one "here" or there." When preceded by a definite article that also functions as a "this," this word more clearly means "here."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
generation; -- (WF) The word translated as "generation" means "race," "offspring," "class," "sort," "type," "generation," "age," and "kind." " The sense is a "type" or a "specimen" of a particular type. Jesus uses it to refer to a type of person, specifically those like the Pharisees. See this article. This is a feminine noun so it is slightly insulting when applied to men. There is also a neuter form the means the same things. This is not a subject but a possessive.
will -- (WW) This helping verb indicates that the verb is the future tense, but it isn't. It is in the form of possibility so it needs a "should" or "might."
be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
held responsible - -"Held responsible " is a Greek verb that means "to seek out" and "to demand an accounting of". It is passive and in a form that indicates something that might happen. This word is the only used by Jesus in this verse and the next in the Bible. The form is changed in the next verse.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
blood -- "Blood" is the Greek word that means "blood," "bloodshed," and "kinship." Its common double meaning of bloodshed and kinship.
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
all -- The word translated as "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all," "the whole," "every," and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything." As an adverb, it means "in every way," "on every side," and "altogether."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
prophets,-- (UW) The Greek word translated as "prophets" means "one who speaks for God," "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt, but its root words mean "shine light before" and so "luminaries," "shining lights" or "enlightened" seems to capture the idea better. Jesus uses it to refer not only to divine spokespeople but their books in the OT. It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English. It means "one who speaks for God", "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt. It does not mean "one who sees the future" as it does in English. The sense is more a "luminary" because the Greek word comes from "light shining." Read this article for more information.
that - (WW)- The word translated as "that " is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This word doesn't mean "which ."
has (WF) This helping verb "has" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. This helping verb indicates the past tense of the verb. This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing." WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing."
shed -- The Greek word translated as "was" means "to pour out," and "spill," but it is a metaphor for "to be forgotten" and to be "overcome with emotion."
since -- (WW) The word translated as "from" means "from" in both locations and when referring to a source or a cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done and "away from." It is not the word form usually translated as "of." Referring to time, it means "from," and "after." This word doesn't mean "since."
the -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
beginning - -"Beginning " is from a Greek noun that means "throwing down", "sowing", "nativity", "laying a foundation", "building", "foundation", "beginning", "set purpose", "detraction," and "abuse."
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
the -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
world, -- Jesus uses the word translated as "world" to mean "the world order," and "civilization," specifically its "rulers," or its organization. Today, we use the word "society" or "regime" in this sense. More about this word in this article about related words.
ἵνα [134 verses](adv/conj) "That " is hina, which means "in that place," "there," "where," "when," but when beginning a phrase "so that," "in order that," "when," and "because." It is used as an introduction to a command, where it isn't translated. Often is better to translate it as "so that" instead of "because" to avoid confusion with another conjunction.
ἐκζητηθῇ [1verse] (verb 3rd sg aor subj pass contr) "May be required" is from ekzeteo, which means "to seek out" and "to demand an accounting of".
τὸ [821 verses](article sg neut nom) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
αἷμα [12 verses](noun sg neut nom) "Blood" is haima, which means "blood," "streams of blood," "anything like blood," "spirit," "courage," "bloodshed," "murder," "blood relationship,"kin," and "kindship."
πάντων [212 verses] (adj pl masc gen) "Of all" is pas, which means "all," "the whole," "every," "anyone," "all kinds," and "anything." In the adverbial form, it means "every way," "on every side," "in every way," and "altogether."
τῶν [821 verses](article pl masc gen)) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
προφητῶν [37 verses](noun pl masc gen) "Prophets" is prophetes, which means "one who speaks for a god and interprets his will," "interpreter," "keepers of the oracle," "the highest level of priesthood in Egypt," "interpreter," and "herald." It is a form of the verb, prophao. which means "to shine light forth," or "to shine light before." Its roots are pros ("before"), phos ("light) and phaino ("shine.)
τὸ [821 verses](article sg neut nom) "Which" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
ἐκκεχυμένον [8 verses](part sg perf mp masc acc) "Was shed"is ekcheo, which means to "pour out," "pour away," " spill," "squander," "waste," "spread out," "throw down," and, as a metaphor, "to be cast away," "forgotten," "give oneself up to any emotion," and "to be overjoyed."
ἀπὸ [190 verses](prep) "From" is apo, a preposition of separation which means "from" or "away from" from when referring to place or motion, "from" or "after" when referring to time, "from" as an origin or cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done. Referring to time, it means "from," and "after." Usually takes the genitive object. -
καταβολῆς [3 verses](noun sg fem gen) "Foundation" is katabole, which means "throwing down," "sowing," "nativity," "laying a foundation," "building," "foundation," "beginning," "set purpose," "detraction," and "abuse."
κόσμου [63 verses] (noun sg masc gen) "Of the world" is kosmos, which mean "order," "good order," "ruler," "civilization," "world order," "universe," and "the world of men." It is a form of the is verb kosmeô, which means "to order," "to arrange," "to rule," "to adorn" (especially women), and "to equip." It especially means controlling and arranging an army.
ἀπὸ [190 verses](prep) "From" is apo, a preposition of separation which means "from" or "away from" from when referring to place or motion, "from" or "after" when referring to time, "from" as an origin or cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done. Referring to time, it means "from," and "after." Usually takes the genitive object.
τῆς [821 verses](article sg fem gen) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." --
γενεᾶς[19 verses] (noun sg fem gen) "Generation" is genea, which means "race," "offspring," "class," "sort," "type," "generation," "age," and "kind." It is a form of the word from which we get the scientific word,"genus."
ταύτης, [83 verses](adj sg fem gen) "This" is houtos, which as an adjective means "this," "that," "the nearer." When οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος refer to two things ἐκεῖνος, which normally means "the nearer" as well belongs to the more remote, "the latter" in time, place, or thought, οὗτος to "the nearer"