Luke 21:17 And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake.

KJV

Luke 21:17 And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake.

LOST IN TRANSLATION

This verse is identical to the beginning of Matthew 10:22 and Mark 13:13 but it lacks the ending clause about enduring to the end.

The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also") and, In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also."

The "you shall be" verb here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. Its form is the second person future, the "you all shall be" part, but the way it is translated in the KJV makes it look like it is a helper verb, supporting the "hated", but the form of the following verb ("hate") doesn't work that way. This verb stands on its own, saying that the apostles are going to exist in a certain state, translating it as "shall exist" makes this clearer. It is plural and translating the subject as "you all? makes this clearer.

"Hated" is from a Greek verb meaning "to hate." However, it is in the form of an adjective, "hating". However, it is in a passive form, "being hated." However, the form also indicates the subject acting by themselves or for their benefit, but this simply indicates this is a "state of being" verb, "being hated yourselves".

The Greek word translated as "of" is very important but this is hidden in translation. It appears lated in the verse as part of a verb. Its primarily means "under," "beneath," and similar meanings. It can indicate a cause, "by", or "with" when it is used with a passive verb, but the verb here is a middle-passive, which is not quite the same. Its primary meaning is "under" both in the sense of moving under, being under, and being under different forms of compulsion. The sense seemed to be describing the decree of hate, "beneath all". In English, we might say "above all" but the sense here is the same.

The word translated as "all" is one word meaning "all", "the whole", "every," and similar ideas. It is an adjective acting as a noun. The "all" does seem to mean "all people".

No Greek word "men" appears in the Greek source. It was added to the KIV.

"For" is a Greek word that means "through," in the midst of," or "by (a cause)." Of persons, it means "thanks to", "by aid of", but in prose, "by reason of", "on account of." The sense here is "one account of".

"My" is the Greek pronoun in a form that means "my," or "mine." It actually appears after the following noun.

The Greek word translated as "name" is much more complicated than it might at first appear. It can simply mean a "name" as in English, this can be many things. It doesn't mean the thing itself, but what people call it. For example, it can mean a "false name," or "a pretense" as we say "this is a marriage in name only." It can also mean representing another person's authority, as we say, "he is acting in the name of the boss."

There is no word meaning "sake" in the Greek. This is important because there is a specific Greek word that means "for [some] sake" and Christ uses it frequently. Most recently just a few verses ago in Matthew 10:18. There is a subtle difference in meaning.

COMPARISON: GREEK to KJV

καὶ (conj/adv)"And" is from kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."

ἔσεσθε (2nd pl fut ind) "You shall be" is from eimi, which means "to be", "to exist", "to be the case," and "is possible."

μισούμενοι (part pl pres mp masc nom) "Hated" is from miseo, which means "to hate" and in passive, "to be hated."

ὑπὸ (prep) "Of" is from hypo (hupo), which means [with genitive] "from under (of motion)", "down under," under, beneath," indicating a cause with passive verbs, "by", "under," or "with", "under the cover or protection of", "of the agency of feelings, passions," "expressing subjection or dependence," "subordinate", "subject to;" [with accusative] "towards" and "under" (to express motion), "under" (without a sense of motion), "subjection", "control", "dependence," of Time, "in the course of", "during", "about," as an adverb, "under", "below," beneath, the agency or influence under which a thing is done"by", "before,' and "under," (with genitive and passive verbs of cause, as here).

πάντων (adj pl masc gen) "All" is from pas, which means "all", "the whole", "every", "anyone", "all kinds," and "anything." In the adverbial form, it means "every way", "on every side", "in every way," and "altogether." -

διὰ (prep) "For" is from dia which means "through", "in the midst of", "in a line (movement)", "throughout (time)", "by (causal)", "among," and "between."

τὸ ὄνομά (noun sg neut acc) "Name" is from onoma, which means "name." It means both the reputation of "fame," and "a name and nothing else," as opposed to a real person. Acting in someone's name means to act on their behalf, as their representative.

μου: (pron 1st sg gen) "My" is from mou, which mean "my," or "mine."

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