Explaining the Parable of the Sower to the Apostles.
Luke 8:13 They on the rock are they, which, when they hear, receive the word with joy; and these have no root, which for a while believe, and in time of temptation fall away.
Luke 8:13 Those on the rocky ground are the ones who receive the word with joy when they hear it, but they have no root. They believe for a while, but in the time of testing they fall away.
So those upon the rock, those, since they hear with delight, welcome the idea also. These don't have a root; these for a season believe and in a season of testing, they will fall away by themselves.
An untranslated Greek word is hear near the beginning of this verse. It is usually translated as "but" which means "so" in this explanation like this. This verse has many examples of the definite article, "the," used here as a demonstrative article, "these," but these many examples are transated as the pronoun "they."
The Greek word translated as "when" introduces a phrase that explains a certain condition so "whenever" or "since." The word "since" works much better here for the explanatory clause.
"Receive" means means "to welcome" when applied to people.
"The word" is translated from a Greek word that means "idea" or "concept" and refers back the beginning of the explanation, "the idea of the Divine." This word is our source of our word "logic" and is the root word for all the English words that end in "-ology." More about this word in this article.
The Greek word translated as "believe" does not apply to religious belief as much as it does trusting in other people, especially their word. Jesus usually uses it in contexts, as the one here, that apply to trusting words as he does here.
The Greek word translated as "of temptation" is interesting. first appearing in the Greek Old Testament to translate a Hebrew word meaning "despair," "testing," "proving," and "trial." It doesn't mean "temptation." The idea of a "season of despair" works best because it is the opposite of the earlier "with delight.'
The word translated as "fall away" is also odd, only used twice by Jesus. It is the present tense, but it refers to an action on the future. This can only be translated in Engish as a future. It is also the middle voice, meaning they will fall away by themselves.
Despair robs of us the joy on holding onto the concept of Divinity.
οἱ δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς πέτρας οἳ ὅταν ἀκούσωσιν μετὰ χαρᾶς δέχονται τὸν λόγον, καὶ
those So upon the rock, those since they hear with delight, welcome the idea also.
οὗτοι ῥίζαν οὐκ ἔχουσιν, οἳ πρὸς καιρὸν πιστεύουσιν καὶ
These a root don't have , these for a season believe and
ἐν καιρῷ πειρασμοῦ ἀφίστανται.
in a season of despair they will fall away by themselves.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "so" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "they."
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "are they" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "which."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "receive."
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "word" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word that should usually be translated as "when."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "which."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This word doesn't have the religious connotations of "believe."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is the same Greek word translated as "while" earlier in the verse.
- CW --Confusing Word -- "Temptation" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The action is in the future though the verb's tense is present. This can only be captured by the future tense in English. "
- WV --Wrong Voice - The verb in the middle voice requires the concept of "yourselves" as its object or "by/for themselves."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "so" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "ground" doesn't exist in the source.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "are " doesn't exist in the source.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "who" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "receive."
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "word" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word that should usually be translated as "when."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "which."
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "but" should be something more like "and."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "they."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This word doesn't have the religious connotations of "believe."
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "but" should be something more like "and."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is the same Greek word translated as "while" earlier in the verse.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "are " doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The action is in the future though the verb's tense is present. This can only be captured by the future tense in English. "
- WV --Wrong Voice - The verb in the middle voice requires the concept of "yourselves" as its object or "by/for themselves."
missing "so" -- (MW) The untranslated word "so" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better. It can also be an explanation of indirect cause ("so"), which is what it does here.
They -- (CW) The word translated as "they" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "they."
on -- The word translated as "unto" means "on," "over," "upon," "for," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" "in the case of."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
rock " -- "Rock" is a noun that means "rock," "boulder," and "stone" as a building material. It has the specific meaning of "rocky cliffs" or "ledges" over the sea and a "rocky peak" or "ridge."
are they, (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
which, -- (CW) The word translated as "which" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "which."
when -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "when" introduces a phrase that explains a certain condition so "whenever" or "since." This is not the more common word for "when." Here, the condition is less certain to happen.
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
hear, - -- "Hear" is from a Greek verb that means "to hear," "to hear of," and "to listen." It has the same sense as the English not only of listening but of understanding. It also means "to listen" and "to understand," but amusingly, it also means "to be silent."
receive . -- (CW) "Receive" is a word, which, when applied to people as it does here, means "to welcome," "to grant access," or "to receive with hospitality. This is not the word usually translated as "receive."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
word -- (CW) "Word" is translated from a Greek word that means "calculation," or "reasoning," but it has many, many specific meanings from "deliberation" to "narrative." It is the source of our word "logic" and is the root word for all the English words that end in "-ology." Most biblical translations translated it as "word" for somewhat poetic reasons. However, when applied to people, it means "repute" or "reputation." More about this word in this article. In English, we would say "logic," "concept, or "reasoning" to describe it but it also means the communication of various types, so "message" often works. "Teaching" might work but it is unrelated to the common words for "to teach," "teacher," and "student" that all have the same root.
with -- "With" is the Greek word that usually means "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of." It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.
joy; - "Joy" is from a worth that means "joy" and "delight." More about Christ's use of emotions in this article.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
these -- "These" is translated from a Greek adjective that means "this," "that," "the nearer." Without a noun, it has the sense of "this one" or "that one."
have -- The word translated as "have" means to "have," "possess," "bear," "keep close," "hold in," "to have due to one," or "keep" and many specific uses.
no -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words.
root, -- "Root" is from the Greek word for a plant's "root" and anything that springs from a root. It includes the roots of hairs, feathers, and teeth. It is also a metaphor for roots as a foundation, such as "the roots of the earth."
which, -- (CW) The word translated as "which" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "which."
for -- The word translated as "for" means "towards," "by reason of," "before" both in time and place, "in the presence of," "against," and several other types of "before." In statements about time, it means "at," "near,"
about," or "for" a future time.
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
while -- "While" is a noun that means "due measure," "season," "opportunity," "time," and "profit."
believe, -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "believe" does not apply to religious belief as much but trusting or relying upon other people, especially their words. Jesus usually uses it in contexts, such as the one here, that apply to trusting words. See this article. This word doesn't have the religious connotations of "believe."
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
in -- The word translated as "in" means "in," "within," "with" (an instrument), "by" (near), "by" (means of), "during" (time), or "among" with an indirect-object form object. With the direct object form, it means "into," "on," and "for." When referring to time, it means "during." It can mean "on," "at," or "by" in the sense of "near."
time -- (CW) "Time" is a noun that means "due measure," "season," "opportunity," "time," and "profit." This translation is inconsistent in this verse, translated as "while" elsewhere here.
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
temptation -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "temptation" means a "despair," "testing," proving," and "trial" (but not a court trial, which is a different word. This word is first used in the Greek Old Testament and its meaning comes from the source Hebrew word. "Temptation" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
fall away. - (CW, WV) "Fall away" is a verb that means "shall be absent", "shall be away from", and "shall desert". Though not a future tense, the verb describes something happening in the future. Jesus only uses this word twice. The form is the middle voices, so "shall fall away by themselves." It is an uncommon verb for Jesus to use. He commonly uses other common words to say "fall away" or "depart".
missing "so" -- (MW) The untranslated word "so" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better. It can also be an explanation of indirect cause ("so"), which is what it does here.
Those -- The word translated as "those" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "they."
on -- The word translated as "unto" means "on," "over," "upon," "for," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" "in the case of."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
rocky " -- "Rocky" is a noun that means "rock," "boulder," and "stone" as a building material. It has the specific meaning of "rocky cliffs" or "ledges" over the sea and a "rocky peak" or "ridge."
ground -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
are -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
the ones The word translated as "the ones" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "which."
who -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
receive . -- (CW) "Receive" is a word, which, when applied to people as it does here, means "to welcome," "to grant access," or "to receive with hospitality. This is not the word usually translated as "receive."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
word -- (CW) "Word" is translated from a Greek word that means "calculation," or "reasoning," but it has many, many specific meanings from "deliberation" to "narrative." It is the source of our word "logic" and is the root word for all the English words that end in "-ology." Most biblical translations translated it as "word" for somewhat poetic reasons. However, when applied to people, it means "repute" or "reputation." More about this word in this article. In English, we would say "logic," "concept, or "reasoning" to describe it but it also means the communication of various types, so "message" often works. "Teaching" might work but it is unrelated to the common words for "to teach," "teacher," and "student" that all have the same root.
with -- "With" is the Greek word that usually means "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of." It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.
joy; - "Joy" is from a worth that means "joy" and "delight." More about Christ's use of emotions in this article.
when -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "when" introduces a phrase that explains a certain condition so "whenever" or "since." This is not the more common word for "when." Here, the condition is less certain to happen.
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
hear, - -- "Hear" is from a Greek verb that means "to hear," "to hear of," and "to listen." It has the same sense as the English not only of listening but of understanding. It also means "to listen" and "to understand," but amusingly, it also means "to be silent."
it -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
but -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "but" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
they -- (CW) "These" is translated from a Greek adjective that means "this," "that," "the nearer." Without a noun, it has the sense of "this one" or "that one." This is not the common word usually translated as "they."
have -- The word translated as "have" means to "have," "possess," "bear," "keep close," "hold in," "to have due to one," or "keep" and many specific uses.
no -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words.
root, -- "Root" is from the Greek word for a plant's "root" and anything that springs from a root. It includes the roots of hairs, feathers, and teeth. It is also a metaphor for roots as a foundation, such as "the roots of the earth."
They , -- (CW) The word translated as "they" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "which."
believe, -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "believe" does not apply to religious belief as much but trusting or relying upon other people, especially their words. Jesus usually uses it in contexts, such as the one here, that apply to trusting words. See this article. This word doesn't have the religious connotations of "believe."
for -- The word translated as "for" means "towards," "by reason of," "before" both in time and place, "in the presence of," "against," and several other types of "before." In statements about time, it means "at," "near,"
about," or "for" a future time.
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
while -- "While" is a noun that means "due measure," "season," "opportunity," "time," and "profit."
but -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "but" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
in -- The word translated as "in" means "in," "within," "with" (an instrument), "by" (near), "by" (means of), "during" (time), or "among" with an indirect-object form object. With the direct object form, it means "into," "on," and "for." When referring to time, it means "during." It can mean "on," "at," or "by" in the sense of "near."
the -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
time -- (CW) "Time" is a noun that means "due measure," "season," "opportunity," "time," and "profit." This translation is inconsistent in this verse, translated as "while" elsewhere here.
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
testing - The Greek word translated as "temptation" means a "despair," "testing," proving," and "trial" (but not a court trial, which is a different word. This word is first used in the Greek Old Testament and its meaning comes from the source Hebrew word.
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
fall away. - (CW, WV) "Fall away" is a verb that means "shall be absent", "shall be away from", and "shall desert". Though not a future tense, the verb describes something happening in the future. Jesus only uses this word twice. The form is the middle voices, so "shall fall away by themselves." It is an uncommon verb for Jesus to use. He commonly uses other common words to say "fall away" or "depart".
οἱ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "They" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
δὲ [446 verses](conj) "But" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand." It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be an explanation of indirect cause ("so"). In an "if" (εἰ ) clause or temporal "when" (ὅταν) clause the sense is "if/when... then." In a series begun by men, its means "on the other hand." In a listing, the sense is "then" or "yet." After an interruption, "so then." It can also be an explanation of cause ("so"). When used with a conditional starting a clause, the sense is "if/when...then." When used with a particle meaning "indeed" the sense is "on one hand...on the other hand." In a listing, the sense is "then" or "yet." After an interruption, "so then."
ἐπὶ [138 verses](prep) "On" is from epi which means "on," "upon," "at," "by," "before," "across," and "against." With a noun in the possessive, genitive, it means "upon," "on" but not necessarily of Place, "by (of persons)," "deep (with numbers)," "in the presence of," "towards," "in the time of," and "over (referring to a person of authority)." With a noun indirect object, dative, it means of place: "upon," "on," or "over," of people: "against (in a hostile sense)," regarding a situation: "towards" or "in reference to," of an accumulation: "upon," "after," "addition to," and "besides," of position: "after," "behind," "in dependence upon," and "in the power of," of time: "by," and "after," and. in a causal sense: "of the occasion or cause," "for" a person, an end, or purpose," "on condition that," and "for" (a price). With the objective noun, an accusative, it means of place: "upon or on to a height," "up to," "as far as," "a little way," "a little," "towards," "to," in hostile sense: "against," of extension: "over," "over (a space)," of time: "for," "during," "up to" or "till," in a causal sense: "of (the object)," for (this purpose)," "as regards," "according to," and "by (this cause)." With verbs of perceiving, observing, and judging, it means "in the case of."
τῆς [821 verses](article sg fem gen) "They" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
πέτρας [8 verses] (noun sg fem gen) "A rock" [8 verses] (noun sg fem gen) "Rock" is from petra, which means "rock," "boulder," and "stone" as a building material. It has the specific meaning of "rocky cliffs" or "ledges" over the sea and a "rocky peak" or "ridge.
οἱ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "They" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
ὅταν [70 verses](adv/conj) "When" is from hotan, which means "whenever (as a condition)," and "since (as a cause)."
ἀκούσωσιν [95 verses] (verb 3rd pl aor subj act) "Ye hear is akouo, which means "hear of," "hear tell of," "what one actually hears," "know by hearsay," "listen to," "give ear to," "hear and understand," and "understand." The accusative object is the person/thing heard about, while the genitive is the person/thing heard from. However, two genitives can be used with the sense of "hear of a thing from a person."
μετὰ [103 verses](prep) "With" is meta, which means "with," "in the midst of," "among," "between," "in common," "along with," "by the aid of," "in one's dealings with," "into the middle of," "coming into," "in pursuit of," "after," "behind," "according to," "after," "behind," and "next afterward." With genitive, it means generally, "with," "together with," "in the midst of," "among," "between." "in common," "along with," "by the aid of," and "in conjunction with." With genitive, with pl. Nouns "in the midst of," "among," "between," " in common," "along with", of things, "in conjunction with," rarely of Time, "during ."With dative, "between," "among," "in company with," with a number "complete," and "over and above." generally, "among," "between," with both indirect (dative) and direct (accusative) object. With direct objects: of motion, "into the middle of," "coming into or among," esp. where a number of persons is implied, in pursuit or quest of, of persons, "to go after," "in quest of," of sequence or succession, of Place, "after," "behind," "on the far side of," of Time, "after," "next to," in order of Worth, Rank, etc., "next after," "following," "to be inferior to."
χαρᾶς [14verses](noun sg fem gen) "Joy" is chara, which means "joy" and "delight." -
δέχονται [18 verses] (verb 3rd pl pres ind mp) "Receive" is dechomai, which means "welcome," "accept," and "entertain" when applied to people and "take," "accept," and "receive" when applied to things
τὸν [821 verses](article sg masc acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
λόγον,[80 verses](noun sg masc acc) "Word" is logos, which means "word," "computation," "relation," "explanation," "law," "rule of conduct," "continuous statement," "tradition," "discussion," "reckoning," "reputation" (when applied to people), and "value."
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
οὗτοι [83 verses] (adj pl masc nom) "These" is houtos, which as an adjective means "this," "that," "the nearer."
ῥίζαν [5 verses](noun sg fem acc) "Root" is rhiza, which means "root" and anything that springs from a root. It includes the roots of hairs, feathers, and teeth. It is also a metaphor for roots as a foundation, such as "the roots of the earth."sentences. The negative, οὐ, denies, is absolute, and objective. -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words.
οὐκ [269 verses](adv) "Not" is ou , the negative adverb for facts and statements, negating both single words and sentences. The negative, οὐ, denies, is absolute, and objective.
ἔχουσιν, [181 verses](verb 3rd pl pres ind act) "Have" is echo, which means "to have," "to hold," "to possess," "to keep," "to have charge of," "to have due to one," "to maintain," "to hold fast," "to hold in," "to bear," "to carry," "to keep close," "to keep safe," and "to have means to do." In aorist, it can mean "acquire," or "get." The main sense when it has an object is "to have" or "to hold." With a gen. object, "to keep back" or "withhold" a thing. The main sense when not having an object is "to hold" and "to keep." When its object is an infinitive verb, it means "it could," not "in must" as in English. This verb isn't used to form past tenses as the helper verb does in English. Nor does it have the sense of "must" when used with infinitives.
οἱ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "Which" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
πρὸς [92 verses](prep) "Unto" is from pros, which means both "from" (descent, a place)," "on the side of," and "toward." Its meaning depends on the form of its object. An indirect object (dative) implies no movement but in a fixed position. A direct object (accusative ) indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Events may show the amount of time. In statements about time, it means "at," "near,"
about,"or "for" a future time. with Verbs of Motion, towards, to, with Verbs implying previous motion, upon, against; Verbs of addition "to," Verbs of seeing "towards," "to face," in hostile sense, "against, " "in accusation," without any hostile "to," of various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action "with," "at the hands of," "incurred by," "inspired by," "before" a witness, of Time, "towards," or "near," of Relation between two objects "in respect of," "touching," "in reference to," "in consequence of," "for a purpose," "in proportion," "in comparison with," of measurements of time "for," "a little past," of Numbers "up to," "about." A possessive object (genitive) indicates movement away or a position away from something, "from," "towards," "from the presence of." Events occur within a specified time. Examples of indirect object: "hard by," "near," "at," "close," "before one," "in the presence of," with verbs denoting motion towards a place "upon," "against," with a notion of clinging closely "clasped to," to express close engagement "at the point of," to express union or addition "besides," "in addition to."
καιρὸν [21 verses] (noun sg masc acc) "While" is kairos, which means "due measure," "proportion," "fitness," "exact time," "season," "opportunity," "time," "critical times," "advantage," and "profit." -- "The time" is a noun that means "due measure," "season," "opportunity," "time," and "profit."
πιστεύουσιν [69 verses](verb 3rd pl pres ind act) "Believe" is pisteuo, which means "to trust, put faith in, or rely on a person," "to believe in someone's words," "to comply," "to feel confident in a thing," and "to entrust in a thing."
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
ἐν [413 verses](prep) "In" is en, which means, with its usual indirect (dative) object, "in," "on," "at," "by," "among," "within," "surrounded by," "in one's hands," "in one's power," "during," and "with." With a direct (accusative) object, it means "into," "on," and "for." Referring to time, it means. "in the course of" or "during."
καιρῷ [21 verses](noun sg masc dat) "Time" is kairos, which means "due measure," "proportion," "fitness," "exact time," "season," "opportunity," "time," "critical times," "advantage," and "profit."
πειρασμοῦ [8 verses](noun sg masc gen) "Temptation" is peirasmos, which means a "trial", "worry," and only by extension "temptation." It does not mean "testing." This word only appears in the Bible and in Christian writings after. In the Septuagint Greek Old Testament, where this word first occurs, it is from the Hebrew massâ (מַסָּה), which means "despair," "testing," "proving," and "trial."
ἀφίστανται. [2 verses](verb 3rd pl pres ind mp) "Fall away" is from aphistemi, which means "shall be absent", "shall be away from", and "shall desert".
The contrast of "for a time" and "in a time" to create a sense of before and after.
This verse combines the ideas that are expressed in two verses of both Matthew (Matthew 13:20, Matthew 13:21) and Mark (Mar 4:16, Mar 4:17). An important concept in Matthew and Mark, the suddenness of the joy, it left out here, but it is replaced by a play on the idea of time.