Spoken to:
Jesus defended himself and his followers for gleaning a field on the Sabbath, by the Pharisees.
KJV:
Mark 2:25 Have ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungred, he, and they that were with him?
NIV :
Mark 2:25 Have you never read what David did when he and his companions were hungry and in need?
LISTENERS HEARD:
Did you never recognize what David did when he had need and he was hungry himself and those with him?
MY TAKE:
Jesus himself was probably hungry.
GREEK (Each Word Explained Bottom of Page):
GREEK ORDER:
LOST IN TRANSLATION:
This verse is an example of the emphasis lost discussed in this article. Here, Jesus's emphasis is on who was hungry, the source says "he himself" before it mentions anyone else. All the English translations give more emphasis on those with David than Jesus does, mostly by adding words. Jesus almost mentions it as an afterthought.
# KJV TRANSLATION ISSUES:
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present, or future).
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "an" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "himself" after "he" for emphasis.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "they" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "that were" doesn't exist in the source.
# NIV TRANSLATION ISSUES:
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present, or future).
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "with" is not shown in the English translation.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "companions" should be something more like "those."
- WN --Wrong Number- The word "were" is translated as plural but the Greek word is singular.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "in" should be something more like "had."
EACH WORD of KJV :
Have -- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.
ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.
never - "Never" is from a Greek word that combine an extreme negative particle with the word that means "when." The Greek negative is an adverb that means "not at all" or "not even". The second part means "when", "at what time", "at some time or other", "at some unknown time, and "at some time in the future."
read - "Ye...read" is a Greek verb that means "to know well," "to acknowledge," "to persuade," and "to recognize." It doesn't "read" in the normal sense can mean "to read aloud" or "to attend a lecture." This perhaps refers to the Jewish practice of reading and listening to the OT at meetings.
what -- The Greek word translated as "what" in the singular means "anyone," "someone," "something," and "anything." The same forms are used both for the masculine or feminine so "anyone" works best for a person. In the plural, it means "everyone," "some," "they," and "those." Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who," "what," or even "why."
David -- "David" is from the Greek spelling of the Hebrew name.
did, -- The Greek word translated as "to do" has the primary meaning of "making" or producing" something or "causing" or "performing" as service. When it means It describes a productive action. In English, "do" is also frequently a helper verb. This Greek word is not used as broadly.
when - "Then" is from an adverb/conjunction that means "when," "as when," "at the time when," and "sometimes."
he-- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
had -- The word translated as "have" means to "have," "possess," "bear," "keep close," "hold in," "have means to do," "to have due to one," or "keep" and many specific uses. This verb isn't used to form past tenses as the helper verb does in English. Nor does it has the sense of "must" when used with infinitives.
need,-- The word translated as "need" means "need" and "poverty," but it also means "familiarity" and "intimacy."
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
was -- This helping verb indicates the tense of the verb, which indicates a specific point in time, in this case, the past.
an -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "an" in the Greek source.
hungred,--The word for "hunger" is the verb for "to hunger" as in needing food and, like the English word, it is a metaphor for any craving. However, unlike the English verb, this Greek verb is transitive like our "crave."
missing "himself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "he himself."
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
they -- (CW) The word translated as "who" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun "which," "what," "who," "whosoever," "where," "for which reason," and many similar meanings. It is plural so "those."
that were -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "that were" in the Greek source.
with -- "With" is the Greek word that usually means "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of." It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.
him? -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. This form is used as the object of a preposition. A genitive object means a movement away from something or a position away from something else.
EACH WORD of NIV :
Have -- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.
you -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.
never - "Never" is from a Greek word that combine an extreme negative particle with the word that means "when." The Greek negative is an adverb that means "not at all" or "not even". The second part means "when", "at what time", "at some time or other", "at some unknown time, and "at some time in the future."
read - "Ye...read" is a Greek verb that means "to know well," "to acknowledge," "to persuade," and "to recognize." It doesn't "read" in the normal sense can mean "to read aloud" or "to attend a lecture." This perhaps refers to the Jewish practice of reading and listening to the OT at meetings.
what -- The Greek word translated as "what" in the singular means "anyone," "someone," "something," and "anything." The same forms are used both for the masculine or feminine so "anyone" works best for a person. In the plural, it means "everyone," "some," "they," and "those." Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who," "what," or even "why."
David -- "David" is from the Greek spelling of the Hebrew name.
did, -- The Greek word translated as "to do" has the primary meaning of "making" or producing" something or "causing" or "performing" as service. When it means It describes a productive action. In English, "do" is also frequently a helper verb. This Greek word is not used as broadly.
when - "Then" is from an adverb/conjunction that means "when," "as when," "at the time when," and "sometimes."
he-- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
missing "with" -- (MW) The untranslated word "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of." It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.
his -- The word translated as "his" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. This form is used as the object of a preposition. A genitive object means a movement away from something or a position away from something else.
companions -- (WW) The word translated as "companions" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun "which," "what," "who," "whosoever," "where," "for which reason," and many similar meanings. It is plural so "those."
were -- (WN) This helping verb indicates the tense of the verb, which indicates a specific point in time, in this case, the past. This verb is singular, referring to David alone, not those with him.
hungry,--The word for "hungry" is the verb for "to hunger" as in needing food and, like the English word, it is a metaphor for any craving. However, unlike the English verb, this Greek verb is transitive like our "crave."
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."in need?
in -- (WW)The word translated as "in" means to "have," "possess," "bear," "keep close," "hold in," "have means to do," "to have due to one," or "keep" and many specific uses. This verb isn't used to form past tenses as the helper verb does in English. Nor does it has the sense of "must" when used with infinitives.
need,-- The word translated as "need" means "need" and "poverty," but it also means "familiarity" and "intimacy."
COMPARISON: GREEK to KJV :
Οὐδέποτε [5 verses](adv) "Never" is oudepote, which means "and not ever", "but not when", "nor ever", "not even ever," and "never." It is a compound of oude, and pote. Oude, as a conjunction, means "but not", "neither", and "nor." As an adverb, it means "not at all" and "not even." Pote means "when", "at what time", "at some time or other", "at some unknown time, and "at some time in the future.
ἀνέγνωτε [13 verses](verb 2nd pl aor ind act) "Ye read"is from anaginosko (anagignôskô), which means to "know well," "know certainly," "perceive," "attend lectures on," "acknowledge," "recognize," "induce" one to do a thing, "persuade," "convince," of books. "read aloud," "published," in the passive, "to be persuaded" to do a thing, and, as a noun, "students" (those who attend lectures).
τί [252 verses](irreg sg neut nom) "What" is tis, which can mean "someone," "something," "any one," "everyone," "they [indefinite]," "many a one," "whoever," "anyone," "anything," "some sort," "some sort of," "each," "any," "the individual," "such," and so on. In a question, it can mean "who," "why," or "what." It has specific meanings with certain prepositions, διὰ τί; for what reason? ἐκ τίνος; from what cause? ἐς τί; to what point? to what end?
ἐποίησεν [168 verses](verb 3rd sg aor ind act) "Did" is poieo, which means "to make," "to produce," "to create," "to bring into existence," "to bring about," "to cause," "to perform," "to render," "to consider," "to prepare," "to make ready," and "to do." The accusative object is what is made. Double accusative is to do something to someone. When it has a genitive object, it means "made from." When it doesn't have an object, the verb is translated as "perform" or simply "do." When used with an accusative infinitive, it means to "cause" or "bring about." A dative object means "made with." With the preposition "into" (eis) it means "made into."
Δαυεὶδ [5 verses] (Hebrew name) "David" is from is from the Greek Dabid, which is the Greek form of the Hebrew name.
ὅτε [19 verses](adv/conj) "Then" is hote, which means "when," "as when," "at the time when," and "sometimes."
χρείαν [13 verses](noun sg fem acc) "Need" is chreia, which means "need," "want," "poverty," "a request of a necessity," "business," "military service," "a business affair," "employment," "familiarity," "intimacy," and "maxim."
ἔσχεν [181 verses](verb 3rd sg aor ind act) "He had" is echo, which means "to have," "to hold," "to possess," "to keep," "to have charge of," "to have due to one," "to maintain," "to hold fast," "to hold in," "to bear," "to carry," "to keep close," "to keep safe," and "to have means to do." In aorist, it can mean "acquire," or "get." The main sense when it has an object is "to have" or "to hold." It can also mean "to without" or "keep back" a thing.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
ἐπείνασεν [9 verses](3rd sg aor ind act ) "Was hungered" is peino, which means "to be hungry", "crave after," or "to be starved," and it is a metaphor for desire and cravings.
αὐτὸς [20 verses](adj sg masc nom) "He" is autos, which means is the singular adjective used as the subject pronoun. It also means "one's true self," that is, "the soul" as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord." -- The word translated as "he" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. Though the form is masculine, it refers to a person in general as our generic "he" does or did until recently. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
οἱ [294 verses](pron pl masc nom) "They" is hos, which means "this," "that," "he," "she," "which," "what," "who," "whosoever," "where," "for which reason," and many similar meanings.
μετ᾽ [103 verses](prep) "With" is meta, which means "with," "in the midst of," "among," "between," "in common," "along with," "by the aid of," "in one's dealings with," "into the middle of," "coming into," "in pursuit of," "after," "behind," "according to," "after," "behind," and "next afterward." With genitive, it means generally, "with," "together with," "in the midst of," "among," "between." "in common," "along with," "by the aid of," and "in conjunction with." With dative, "between," "among," "in company with," with a number "complete," and "over and above." With accusative, generally, "among" and "between" as with dative, of motion, "into the middle of," "coming into or among," "in pursuit or quest of," of place, "after," "behind," of time, "after," "next to," of worth/rank, "next after," of ideas, "after," "according to."
αὐτοῦ [253 verses](adj sg masc gen) "Him" is from autos, which is the adjective used as third-person pronouns. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. It also means "one's true self," that is, "the soul" as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord."