But -- The Greek word translated as "but" means "but", "however", and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better. 

you  - The pronoun is used explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since it is already part of the verb, its use creates emphasis on the "you." The "you" here is plural, indicating many of Christ's listeners.

missing "yourselves"  ---- (MW) The pronoun is used here explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since this information is already in the verb, the sense is repetitive as we say "you yourselves."  MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "yourselves" after "you" for emphasis.

say,  - The word translated as "say" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Jesus uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself."

If -- (CW) The Greek word meaning "if might" indicates more of an expectation of something happening than "if" alone. This is often how we use the word "when".

a -  There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a word doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.

man -- The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men", "people", and "peoples". 

shall -- (CW) This helping verb "shall" does not indicate the future tense, but that the verb describes a possibility, the subjunctive voice. A "might" or "should" in English is more appropriate, but is assumed in an "if/when/whoever/except" clause. Helping verbs are not needed in Greek since the main verb carries this information in its form..

say - (CW) "Say" (a different Greek word that the "say" above in the Greek source) is from a verb that also means "to say" and "to speak" also. However, it has less a sense of teaching and more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.

to  - The form of the following noun requires the addition of a preposition in English to capture its meaning, a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, and an "in" for area of effect.

his  -- (WW) The word translated as "his" is the Greek definite article, which precedes a noun.  The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. The verse does not have a possessive pronoun here.

father  -- "Father" is the Greek noun that means "father" or any male ancestor so "forefathers". It is the word that Christ uses to address his own Father. 

or -- "Or" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. The same word could also be the exclamation "hi" or the adverb meaning "in truth."

missing "the/that"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. 

mother, -- "Mother" is the common Greek word for "mother" and "grandmothers," but it also means "the source" of something.

It is  -- -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "it is" in the Greek source. 

Corban,  - This is a Hebrew word meaning the same as the Greek word for "gift" used below. This seems to be a case where Jesus again used the Aramaic or Hebrew. See this article.

that -- The word translated as "that" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.

is -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. 

to say, -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "a gift" in the Greek source. 

a  - There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a word doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.

gift,  - "Gift" is from a Greek word that means "gift", "present," and specifically a "votive gift" or "offering" to a god.  The word is in a form which could be either the subject or object of the sentence.

by  -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "by" in the Greek source. 

what -- The word translated as the first part of "whatsoever" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause. This is the word translated as "that" above. It could also be the definite article, meaning "the one."

soever --  "soever" is a conjunction indicates more of an expectation of something happening than "if" alone. This is often how we use the word "when". It can be used after a demonstrative pronoun to mean "that possibly," "whosoever," or "whatsoever."

thou -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.

might --  This word comes from the form of possibility of the following verb.

be --  This word comes from the passive form of the following verb.

profited -- The Greek word translated as " profited" in the KJV (and "accomplishes" or "is" in other translations) means "to help" or "to be of benefit." It is in the second person passive.

by -- The Greek preposition translated as "by" means "out of" or "from."  It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs. 

me; --  "Me" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me".

he shall be free. -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as "he shall be free" in the Greek source.