διορυχθῆναι [4 verses](verb aor inf pass) "To be broken up" is diorysso, which means "digging through, "having dug a trench across or along," metaph "undermine," "ruin," "worm out," and Pass., "to be shut up in a funeral vault." -- "Ruined" is from a verb that means  "digging through" and, metaphorically, "undermine" and "ruin."

διπλότερον [1 verse](adj sg masc/neut nom/acc comp) "Twofold more" is diplous, which means "twofold," "double," "twice the size of," and "as much again."  - The "twofold more" is another unusual word that means "twofold," "double," "twice the size of," and "as much again."

ἐδίψησα [10 verses] (verb 1st sg aor ind act) "I was thirsty" is dipsao, which means "to thirst," "to be thirsty," "to be parched," "to be in want of," "to lack," and "to thirst after" a thing.  - "I was thirsty" is another common verb which means "to thirst," "to be thirsty," and "to thirst after" a thing. Again, it is the same verb used in the fourth beatitude.

δὶς  [3 verses](adv) "Twice" is dis, which means "twice" or "doubly." , -- "Twice" is a Greek word that means "twice" or "doubly"

διδασκαλίας [2 verses](noun pl fem acc OR noun sg fem gen) "Doctrines" is from disaskalia which means "teachings", "instruction", "elucidation," and "official instruction."  - "Doctrines" is the noun form of the verb above, so it which means "teachings", "instruction", "explanations," and "official instruction."

ἐδίστασας; [1 verses](verb 2nd sg aor ind act) "Did you doubt" is distazo , which means "to doubt" and "to hesitate." In the passive it means "to be in doubt." It means literally, "to drop twice."  - "Did you doubt" is from distazô , which means "to doubt" and "to hesitate." It means literally, "to drop twice."

διυλίζοντες [1 verse] (part pl pres act masc nom) "Strain" is from diylizo, which means "strain," and "filter thoroughly."

δώδεκα [5 verses](number) "Twelve" is dodeka, which is the number "twelve," and a noun meaning "a group of twelve."  - -- "Twelve" is the Greek word for the number.

δοκεῖ, [17 verses](verb 2nd sg pres ind mp) "Thinkest thou" is dokeo, which means "expect," "suppose," "imagine," "have an opinion," "seem," "seem good," and "to be reputed." -- The word translated as "think" doesn't mean think as much as it means "expect" or "imagine."

δοκιμάζειν, [2 verses]](verb pres inf act) "Discern" is from dokimazo , which means "to assay", "to evaluate," "to test", "to prove for onesself", "put a person to the test", "approve", "sanction", "approve for political office", and "pass as fit for office". -- The Greek verb translated as "discern"  means "to assay","to evaluate," "to test", "approve for political office", and "pass as fit for office".  This is the core of the double meaning here, the play between "test" and "approve for office", the first applied to the weather, the second to Jesus himself. This is the first time this word is used by Jesus and it is only used twice.