and -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "and" in the Greek source. It was added because the previous verb was translated as active rather than a participle. 

about -  The Greek word translated as "about" means "around" when referring to a place, but in referring to a subject, it means "about," "concerning," "on account of," and "in regard to." This is the way Jesus usually uses it.

missing "on the other hand"  -- (MW) The untranslated word  "but" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.  It can also be an explanation of cause ("so").

judgment, -- The Greek word translated as "judgment" means distinguishing among choices and "separating" things. Christ uses it in a variety of ways, though the KJV usually translates it as "judgment." It also means a "turning point," since it is the source of the meaning of "crisis" has in English. Only secondarily does it means "judgment" as in a court judgment.

because -- The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article; without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

prince - "Prince" is from the Greek word that means "ruler," and "magistrate." It is from the participle meaning "being the first" and "making a beginning. This form of this word is the same as the plural of a slightly different Greek word, which means "leaders" and also "assholes," but the article before it is singular.

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession.

this  -- "This" is a demonstrative pronoun that means "this," "here," "the nearer," and "the familiar." It often stands apart from its noun, acting like a pronoun, "this one here" or "this here." When it follows the noun it emphasizes it, "this one."

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. 

world -- Jesus uses the word translated as "the world" to mean "the world order," and "civilization," specifically its "rulers," or its organization. Today, we use the word "society" or "regime" in this sense. More about this word in this article about related words.

now -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "now" in the Greek source. It was added because the previous verb was translated as active rather than a participle. IW - Inserted Word -- The word "it" doesn't exist in the source.

stands -- (CW) This helping verb "stands" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. This could also be the middle voice, "judges himself."

condemned. -- (WW, WT) The term used here for "condemned" means to "separate" and "distinguish." It has a secondary meaning of "to pick out," "to choose," and "to prefer." It also can mean "to judge" but only in the context of a trial. How to leaders become leaders? They are "chosen" or "preferred" but someone, if only the military.  It is in the passive and past, perfect tense, "has been chosen."