Jesus continues the parable of the Pharisee and tax collector praying.
Luke 18:11 The Pharisee stood and prayed thus with himself, God, I thank thee, that I am not as other men are, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this publican.
Luke 18:11 The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed: ‘God, I thank you that I am not like other people—robbers, evildoers, adulterers—or even like this tax collector.
This Distinguished, standing, prayed these things for himself, "The Divine, I thank you that I'm not the same as the rest of these people: thieving, unfair, lechers, or even like the nearer this tax-collector.
"Pharisee" is an untranslated word meaning something like "distinguished."
The Greek and other pagan gods, who were addressed by their names, Jupiter, Zeus, etc. This one reason that the Judeans spoke of God as "the God" or "the Divine," adding the definite article, "the," to distinguish him from these other named gods. But because the Greek word for "god" was not used to address any god when praying to him or her, there was no noun for of address, the vocative, for it. Nor was there a vocative form of address for the definite article, "the." So, Judeans like this Pharisee, addressed God using the nominative (the form of subjects) forms of both words, "the God" or "the Divine."
The words translated as "with himself" and "by himself" more likely mean "for himself."
ὁ Φαρισαῖος σταθεὶς ταῦτα πρὸς ἑαυτὸν προσηύχετο
This Distinguished, standing, these things for himself, prayed
Ὁ θεός, εὐχαριστῶ σοι ὅτι οὐκ εἰμὶ ὥσπερ οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων,
The Divine, I thank you that not I'm the same as the rest of these people:
ἅρπαγες, ἄδικοι, μοιχοί, ἢ καὶ ὡς οὗτος ὁ τελώνης:
thieving, unfair, lechers, or even like the nearer this tax-collector.
The Pharisee(UW) stood(WF) and(IW) prayed thus(CW) with(CW) himself, (MW) God, I thank thee, that I am not as (MW) other(CW) (MW) men are(IW), extortioners(WF), unjust, adulterers, or even as this(CW) (MW) publican.
- UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "pharisees" means "distinguish" or "separated." It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "standing."
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "and" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This word doesn't mean "thus" in this situation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "with."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "God" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "other" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "other."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "these/those/the" before "men" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "are" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "extortioners" is not a noun but an adjective.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "this" works better in this situation as "here."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "publican" is not shown in the English translation.
- UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "pharisees" means "distinguish" or "separated." It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "standing."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "by."
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "and" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "these things" after "prayed" is not shown in the English translation..
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "God" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "other" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "other."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "these/those/the" before "men" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "robbers" is not a noun but an adjective.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "evildoers" is not a noun but an adjective.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "this" works better in this situation as "here."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "tax collector" is not shown in the English translation.
The -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
Pharisee -- (UW) "Pharisees" is an example of where we use the Greek word as the name of the religious sect, instead of translating it. In Greek, the word means the "separatists" or "the judgmental," but it is a Hebrew word meaning "distinguished" or "elite." So this word means "distinguish" used as a title, "the distinguished."
stood -- (WF) The verb translated as "stood" is a "multiple meaning" verb. It is usually causal (with an object): "to make stand," "to set up," "to establish" and similar words in the active form. In the intransitive (without an object) and passive, it means "to stand," "to make stand," and "to stand firm." Like the English words "put" and "set," it has several specific meanings from "to put down [in writing]," "to bury," "to establish," "to make," "to cause," "to place in balance," "to weigh," and "to assign." This is a word Jesus uses because of its multiple meanings. This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "standing."
and -- (IW) These is no "and" here. It is added because the previous participle was changed from an adjective form to an active verb in translation.
prayed -- The Greek word translated as "pray" means "to offer prayers of vows" either "to worship" or "ask for a thing."
thus - (CW)The "thus" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," "here," or "there" the nearer or the further depending on usage. When the modified noun already has an article, it meaning is "here." It is often used in the neuter plural without a noun to refer to "these things." This word doesn't mean "thus" in this situation.
with -- (CW) The word translated as "with" has a meaning that depends on the form of it object and its verb types. Generally, it means "towards," "by reason of," "before" both in time and place, "in the presence of," "against," and several other types of "before." This is not the word usually translated as "with."
himself, -- "Himself" is a special reflexive pronoun that means "himself," "herself," and so on. " When used in the possessive, it has the sense of "his own."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
God, -- The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity." When used by Jesus and in the Septuagint to mean "God, it is introduced with an article, so "the God," "the Divine" or "the divine one." The definite article identifies it as specific. When a definite article does not introduce it, it refers more generally to "divinity," the nature of God.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
thank - The Greek word translated as "thank" means both to offer a favor and to be grateful for receiving favors. The two ideas were tied together. The idea is that bestowing a favor automatically creates thankfulness. This is related to the sense of "debt" in the Gospels, which is a topic Christ addresses more commonly, most noticeably in the Lord's Prayer.
thee, -- The word for "you" is the indirect object form of the singular, second-person pronoun in the form of an indirect object of a verb or a preposition.
that - The word translated as "for" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," "seeing that," "that," and "wherefore." Jesus usually uses this word to mean "because" in statements that seem like an answer to a question because of the change of context. It means "because" when answering a "why" question and "that" when explaining a "what" question. Another common word is used for "for."
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
am -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. The word also means "to exist" and where it doesn't connect to characteristics or conditions.
not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words.
as -- The Greek word translated as "as" indicates a match with a person or thing, "the very thing, which," "the same as."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
other --(CW) "Other" is from an uncommon word that means "remaining over," "the rest," and, of Time, "the future," "henceforward." This is not the word usually translated as "other."
missing "these/those/the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
men - The Greek word for "man" means "man," "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men," "people," and "peoples."
are, -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
extortioners, - (WF) The word translated as "extortioners" is an adjective whose primary meaning is robbing and other forms of theft. This is not a noun but an adjective.
unjust, -- The Greek word translated as "unjust" is from an adjective that means "illegal," unjust", "obstinate", "unmanageable", "unjust", "unrighteous [of things]," and "one who play unfairly." In modern terms, we would say "unfair". The noun form means "injustice". In is the negative of the Greek word usually translated as "righteous," which has the sense of "virtue."
adulterers, -- "Adulterers" is from a noun that Jesus only uses here. It is a noun form of the verb that is translated as "commit adultery" and it means "adulterer", "paramour", "paramour of a sodomite", and "idolatrous person".
or-- "Or" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. The same word could also be the exclamation "hi" or the adverb meaning "in truth."
even -- The Greek word translated as "even" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
as -- - The word translated as "as" has a very broad meaning, translated as "as," "when" "where," "just as," "like," and related words. It means "when," in the sense of "as," during an act, but with past, indicative tenses the temporal "when" at a time. It means "how" only in an exclamation with and adjective or adverb like "how wonderful." It means "how" in questions and in an exclamation with an adjective or adverb like "how wonderful. It is not "how" in a statement.
this -- (CW) The "this" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," the nearer, "here," or "there." It often follows the noun to further identify it as the one "here" or there." When preceded by a definite article that also functions as a "this," this word more clearly means "here."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
publican. -- The Greek term translated as "publican" means "farmer" and "tax collector." by Jesus's time, tax collectors were not tax-farmers, that is, private individuals who bought the right to collect taxes. Tax collectors worked directly for Rome, but the term "farmer" stuck from an earlier era when they were tax-farmers. Historically, these tax-collectors or rent collectors were notoriously corrupt, especially as tax farmers. They were made into government employees to reform them.
The -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
Pharisee -- (UW) "Pharisees" is an example of where we use the Greek word as the name of the religious sect, instead of translating it. In Greek, the word means the "separatists" or "the judgmental," but it is a Hebrew word meaning "distinguished" or "elite." So this word means "distinguish" used as a title, "the distinguished."
stood -- (WF) The verb translated as "stood" is a "multiple meaning" verb. It is usually causal (with an object): "to make stand," "to set up," "to establish" and similar words in the active form. In the intransitive (without an object) and passive, it means "to stand," "to make stand," and "to stand firm." Like the English words "put" and "set," it has several specific meanings from "to put down [in writing]," "to bury," "to establish," "to make," "to cause," "to place in balance," "to weigh," and "to assign." This is a word Jesus uses because of its multiple meanings. This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "standing."
by -- (CW) The word translated as "with" has a meaning that depends on the form of it object and its verb types. Generally, it means "towards," "by reason of," "before" both in time and place, "in the presence of," "against," and several other types of "before." This is not the word usually translated as "with."
himself, -- "Himself" is a special reflexive pronoun that means "himself," "herself," and so on. " When used in the possessive, it has the sense of "his own."
and -- (IW) These is no "and" here. It is added because the previous participle was changed from an adjective form to an active verb in translation.
prayed -- The Greek word translated as "pray" means "to offer prayers of vows" either "to worship" or "ask for a thing."
missing "these things" -- (MW) The untranslated word "these things" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," "here," or "there" the nearer or the further depending on usage. When the modified noun already has an article, it meaning is "here." It is often used in the neuter plural without a noun to refer to "these things."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
God, -- The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity." When used by Jesus and in the Septuagint to mean "God, it is introduced with an article, so "the God," "the Divine" or "the divine one." The definite article identifies it as specific. When a definite article does not introduce it, it refers more generally to "divinity," the nature of God.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
thank - The Greek word translated as "thank" means both to offer a favor and to be grateful for receiving favors. The two ideas were tied together. The idea is that bestowing a favor automatically creates thankfulness. This is related to the sense of "debt" in the Gospels, which is a topic Christ addresses more commonly, most noticeably in the Lord's Prayer.
you , -- The word for "you" is the indirect object form of the singular, second-person pronoun in the form of an indirect object of a verb or a preposition.
that - The word translated as "for" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," "seeing that," "that," and "wherefore." Jesus usually uses this word to mean "because" in statements that seem like an answer to a question because of the change of context. It means "because" when answering a "why" question and "that" when explaining a "what" question. Another common word is used for "for."
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
am -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. The word also means "to exist" and where it doesn't connect to characteristics or conditions.
not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words.
like -- The Greek word translated as "like" indicates a match with a person or thing, "the very thing, which," "the same as."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
other -- (CW) "Other" is from an uncommon word that means "remaining over," "the rest," and, of Time, "the future," "henceforward." This is not the word usually translated as "other."
missing "these/those/the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
people- The Greek word for "people" means "man," "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men," "people," and "peoples."
robbers, - (WF)Surprisingly, the word translated as "robbers" also means a "grappling hook" and "a type of wolf," but its primary meaning is robbing and other forms of theft. This is not a noun but an adjective.
evildoers, -- (WF) The Greek word translated as "evildoers" is from an adjective that means "illegal," unjust", "obstinate", "unmanageable", "unjust", "unrighteous [of things]," and "one who play unfairly." In modern terms, we would say "unfair". The noun form means "injustice". It is the negative of the Greek word usually translated as "righteous," which has the sense of "virtue." This is not a noun but an adjective.
adulterers, -- "Adulterers" is from a noun that Jesus only uses here. It is a noun form of the verb that is translated as "commit adultery" and it means "adulterer", "paramour", "paramour of a sodomite", and "idolatrous person".
or-- "Or" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. The same word could also be the exclamation "hi" or the adverb meaning "in truth."
even -- The Greek word translated as "even" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
like -- - The word translated as "like" has a very broad meaning, translated as "as," "when" "where," "just as," "like," and related words. It means "when," in the sense of "as," during an act, but with past, indicative tenses the temporal "when" at a time. It means "how" only in an exclamation with and adjective or adverb like "how wonderful." It means "how" in questions and in an exclamation with an adjective or adverb like "how wonderful. It is not "how" in a statement.
this -- (CW) The "this" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," the nearer, "here," or "there." It often follows the noun to further identify it as the one "here" or there." When preceded by a definite article that also functions as a "this," this word more clearly means "here."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
tax collector.. -- The Greek term translated as "tax collector" means "farmer" and "tax collector." by Jesus's time, tax collectors were not tax-farmers, that is, private individuals who bought the right to collect taxes. Tax collectors worked directly for Rome, but the term "farmer" stuck from an earlier era when they were tax-farmers. Historically, these tax-collectors or rent collectors were notoriously corrupt, especially as tax farmers. They were made into government employees to reform them.
ὁ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
Φαρισαῖος [19 verses](noun sg masc nom) "Pharisees" is Pharisaios, which means "the separated," "the separate ones," " separatist" and refers to the religious sect. The word may come from the Hebrew, pāraš, which means "to make distinct," "declare," "distinguish," "separate," and, amusingly, "to pierce," and "sting." So the sense is also "the distinguished" or "the elite."
σταθεὶς [28 verses]( part sg aor pass masc nom ) "Stood" is histemi, which means "to make to stand," , "to set up," "to bring to a standstill," "to check," "to appoint," "to establish," "to set upright," "to erected,""to fix by agreement," "to place in balance," "to weigh," and "to place." In the passive, it means "to be placed," "to be set," "to stand," "to stand still," "to stand firm," "to arise."
ταῦτα [96 verses]( adj pl neut acc ) "Thus" is tauta, which is a referring pronoun meaning "these," "this," "that," and "here." It can mean the nearer or the further depending on usage. When ταῦτα and ἐκεῖνος refer to two things ἐκεῖνος, which normally means "the nearer" as well belongs to the more remote, "the latter" in time, place, or thought, οὗτος to "the nearer".
πρὸς [92 verses](prep) "With" is from pros, which meanm" (descent, a place)," "on the side of," and "toward." Its meaning depends on the form of its object. An indirect object (dative) implies no movement but in a fixed position. A direct object (accusative ) indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Events may show the amount of time. In statements about time, it means "at," "near," "about," or "for" a future time. With verbs of motion, towards, to, with verbs implying previous motion, upon, against; verbs of addition "to," verbs of seeing "towards," "to face," in hostile sense, "against, " "in accusation," without any hostile "to," of various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action "with," "at the hands of," "incurred by," "inspired by," "before" a witness, of Time, "towards," or "near," of Relation between two objects "in respect of," "touching," "in reference to," "in consequence of," "for a purpose," "in proportion," "in comparison with," of measurements of time "for," "a little past," of Numbers "up to," "about." A possessive object (genitive) indicates movement away or a position away from something, "from," "towards," "from the presence of." Events occur within a specified time. Examples of indirect object: "hard by," "near," "at," "close," "before one," "in the presence of," with verbs denoting motion towards a place "upon," "against," with a notion of clinging closely "clasped to," to express close engagement "at the point of," to express union or addition "besides," "in addition to."
ἑαυτὸν [75 verses]( adj sg masc acc ) "Himself" is heautou, is a reflexive pronoun that means "himself," "herself," "itself" "themselves," and "ourselves." It is not the common pronoun meaning simply "he," "she," "them," etc. In the genitive form, it has the sense of "his own."
προσηύχετο [26 verses](verb 3rd sg imperf ind mp) "Prayed" is from proseuchomai, which means "to offer prayers or vows," "to worship," and "to pray for a thing. It is the combination of two Greek word, pros, meaning "towards" or "by reason of," and euchomai, meaning "to pray to God."
Ὁ [821 verses](article sg masc voc) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." --
θεός, [144 verses](noun sg masc voc) "God" is theos, which means "God," "divine," and "Deity."
εὐχαριστῶ [2 verses](1st sg pres ind act) "I thank"s from eucharisteo, which means "to bestow a favor on," "to oblige," "to be thankful," "to return thanks," and "to be received with thanks."
σοὶ [81 verses](pron 2nd sg dat) "You" is soi which is the singular, second-person pronoun, "you," in the form of an indirect pronoun. -
ὅτι [332 verses](adv/conj) "for" is hoti, which introduces a statement of fact "with regard to the fact that," "seeing that," and acts as a causal adverb meaning "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore." This is the same word can be translated as both "because" and "that" in the same verse when answering two different types of questions.
οὐκ [269 verses](adv) "Not" is ou , the negative adverb for facts and statements, negating both single words and sentences. The negative, οὐ, denies, is absolute, and objective.
εἰμὶ [614 verses] (verb 1st sg pres ind act) "Is" is eimi, which means "to be," "to exist," "to be the case," of circumstance and events "to happen," and "is possible." With the possessive (genitive) object, it means "is descended from," "is the type of," "belongs to," "is made of," "is a duty of," "is at the mercy of," or " is dependent on." With an indirect (dative) object, it means "have" where the subject and object are reversed. "It is to him" becomes "it is his" or "he has it." With the preposition,"into" (εἰς), the sense is "consist of." When the verb "to be" appears early in the clause before the subject, the sense is more like "it is" or, in the plural, "there are."
ὥσπερ [13 verses](adv/prep) "As" is hosper, which means "the very man who," "the very thing, which," "the same as," "wherefore," and "although."
οἱ [821 verses](article pl masc nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." --
λοιποὶ [6 verses](adj pl masc nom) "Other" is loipos, which means "remaining over," "the remaining," "the rest, "descendants," of Time, "the future," "henceforward," "hereafter," and "the remaining."
τῶν [821 verses](article pl masc gen) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." -
ἀνθρώπων, (adj pl masc gen) "men"[209 verses](noun sg masc nom) "Man" is anthropos, which is "man," and, in plural, "mankind." It also means "humanity" and that which is human and opposed to that which is animal or inanimate. Used as a form of address, it is a bit contemptuous, "sir."
ἅρπαγες, [2 verses] (noun pl masc nom ) "Extortioners"is harpax, which means "robbing", "rapacious," "rapine", "robber", "peculator", "a type of wolf", "grappling-iron," and "meat hook."
ἄδικοι, [4 verses]( adj pl masc nom ) "Unjust' is adikos, which means "illegal", "unrighteous," unjust", "obstinate", "unmanageable", "unjust", "unrighteous [of things]," and "one who play unfairly.
μοιχοί, [1 verse]( noun pl masc nom ) "Adulterers" is moichos, which means "adulterer", "paramour", "paramour of a sodomite", and "idolatrous person".
ἢ [92 verses](conj/adv) "Or" is e, which is a particle used as a disjunctive, "either," "or," , or as a comparative, "than" or "rather than." It is (explam) also an exclamation, "hi!" and an adverb,(adv) meaning "in truth" and "of a surety." It is used with comparative forms of adjective or with positive adjective implying a comparison.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "Even" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as." Εἰ καὶ means "although."
ὡς (167 verses](adv/conj) "as" is hos, an adverb which means to "thus," "as," "how," "when," "where," "like," "just as," "so far as," "as much as can be," "that," "in order that," "nearly (with numbers)," and "know that." It means "how" in questions and in an exclamation with an adjective or adverb like "how wonderful."
οὗτός [83 verses]( ( adj sg masc nom ) "This"is houtos, which as an adjective means "this," "that," "the nearer." When οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος refer to two things ἐκεῖνος, which normally means "the nearer" as well belongs to the more remote, "the latter" in time, place, or thought, οὗτος to "the nearer"
ὁ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
τελώνης: [9 verses] ( noun sg masc nom) (noun sg masc nom) "Publicans" is telônês, which means a collector of taxes, tolls, or customs.
The word translated as "stood" means both "being upright" and "being stood upright".