Today  -- The Greek word translated as "today" is an adverb that means "for today" and "on this day."

 salvation -- (CW) The word translated as "salvation" means "deliverance", "preservation", "a way or means of safety", "keeping safe", "security", "safety," and "salvation."  Salvation is more the sense of the Latin word than the Greek. The word "salvation" has a religious meaning that the Greek word didn't have. 

has -- (WT) This helping verb "has" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here. 

come -- (WW) The word translated as "is...come" means "to become," that is, to enter into a new state. In Greek, especially as used by Jesus, it is the opposite of "being," which is existence in the current state. This word doesn't mean "come."  

to -- This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with,"  "in,"   "of,"  "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context.

this -- (CW) The word translated as "this" means "from here" "from there" or "this/that thing/person here/there." As a pronoun by itself, it means "this here" but it can be shortened to just "this."  The Bible usually translates it as the adjective "this" when it appears after words modifying them, which is confusing because the definite article, with which it is often used before the word, also can mean "this." It works better as "here," which is how Jesus usually uses it, but it can also mean "there." It often comes after the noun, emphasizing it, "this thing here."  

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. 

house -- The Greek word translated as "house," is any dwelling place but not exclusively a separate house. It means the household or clan that lives in the building as well. Jesus usually uses it in the later sense.

because -- (CW)"Because" is an adverb that means " in what manner. "so far as", and "inasmuch as." It only appears for the only in the Gospels here. Since adverbs are usually very common, this is unusual. This is not one of the common words usually translated as "because." 

 this man, -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source. 

missing "he"  -- (MW) The untranslated word "he" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.  The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. Its use as a subject is rare because this information is already part of the verb. It is used to emphasize the word, and, in this case, that word is further emphasized by the "also"

too -- The Greek word translated as "too" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis "also", "even", and "just".  Here, this word appears before the "he", which was added purposefully, so my sense is "even he".

 is-- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. It doesn't appear in all versions so it may have been added to convert a spoken phrase into a written sentence. 

a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.

son -- The word translated as "son" more generally means "child" or "children". It can refer to all offspring in later generations, just like "father" refers to all previous generations. Jesus also used it metaphorically to describe those who follow a way of thought or set of beliefs that descend from an individual. More about it in this article.

of -- This word "of"  would normally come from the genitive case of the Greek  following noun, but its It is included because the Hebrew word has no word ending to show its form.

Abraham -- "Abraham" is Abraam, which is the Greek form of "Abraham".