so that -- The word translated as "so that" is an adverb or a conjunction that starts a subordinate clause "there", "where" and "in order that".

-- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

may -- This helping verb "may" indicates that the verb indicates a possibility, the subjunctive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

eat -- The word translated as "ye may eat" means "eat" but it also means "fret," as we say "something is eating me up," which seems to go better with the "worry" concept earlier. The form is one of possibility. Jesus is not saying that they all will eat, using the future tense but that they "might" or "may" using the form of possibility.  The tense is the present, "might be eating". So, they might be doing this now. After all, they are currently eating.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

drink -- The word "drink" is the Greek for meaning to "drink". It also has a double meaning. "To drink" also means "to celebrate". Again, the form is one of possibility in the present, "might be drinking".

at -- The word translated as "at" means "on", "over", "upon", "at", "before", "after", "during", "by" or "on".

my -- "My" is the first-person possessive singular pronoun.

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more. 

table -- "Table" is an uncommon noun for Jesus to use. It means "table", "dining-table", "eating-table", "money changer's table" and "grinding stone". 

in -- The word translated as "in" also means "within", "with" or "among". 

my -- "My" is the first-person possessive singular pronoun. 

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more. 

kingdom -- The word translated as "kingdom" can be the region, the reign, the castle or the authority of a ruler. Christ does not seem to use it to mean a physical region, so its translation as "reign" or "realm" seems more appropriate. This is especially true because the "reign" of a king means the execution of his will.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". After words implying sameness "as".

sit -- "Sit" is a Greek verb  "to make sit down", "to seat", "to place", "to sit", "to post", "to take seats", "to convene", "to appoint" and "to establish". The form is of possibility, but it is not the present tense, but the tense indicating something that might happen at some time. The change in tense is clearly intentional, indicating the future.

on -- The word translated as "on" means "on", "over", "upon", "against", "before", "after", "during", "by" or "on".  This is the same preposition translated as "at" above.

thrones -- "Thrones" is a Greek word that means "seat", "chair", "seat of state", "chair of a teacher" and "judge's bench".  Jesus usually used it to refer to a judges bench, as he does here. In Matthew, Jesus mentions twelve thrones, which he doesn't do here.

judging -- "Judging" is from a verb that which means "separate", "distinguish", "pick out", "choose," 'decide", "decide in favor of", "determine" and "form a judgment" Unlike most words, which Christ uses specifically, he uses this word in a variety of senses simply because no English word corresponds to it precisely. He can mean "judge", "criticize", "decide", "discriminate" and "separate", depending on the context.  The use of the word meaning a "judge's bench" makes the meaning clearly "judging" since the form is an adjective.  It follows the word "tribes" in the Greek.

the   -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more. 

twelve -- "Twelve" is the Greek numeral "twelve".

tribes  -- "Tribes" is from the noun that means "a race", "a tribe", "people with ties of descent", "representatives of a tribe" and "the military contingent of a tribe".

of -- This word "of" comes from the possessive form (genitive case) of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession. However, it can also mean "belonging to", "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons), or  "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs.

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more. 

Israel -- "Israel" is the Hebrew word.