σαββάτῳ [17 verses](noun sg neut dat)   "Sabbath day" is from sabbaton, which means "Sabbath," "seven days of week," and "first day of week." -- The word translated as the "the Sabbath day" is the Greek version of the Hebrew word "shabbat" meaning "rest" or "day of rest." 

Σαδδουκαίων. [2 verses](noun pl masc gen) "Sadducees" is from Saddoukaios, which was the name of a Jewish sect that believed that all law came from the Torah, rather than Jewish tradition as the Pharisees believed. The word is from the Hebrew, sadōk ( צָדוֹק) meaning "righteous." They represented the wealthy aristocracy of Jewish society. Unlike the Pharisees, the Sadducees did not believe in an afterlife or the existence of spirits or angels.  - Sadducees. - The Sadducees were the aristocrats of Jewish society, associated with the temple priests, who did not believe in an afterlife, but that purity was rewarded in this life, so their status as aristocrats itself was a sign of God's favor. The word comes from the Hebrew meaning "righteous."

σαγήνῃ [1 verse] (noun sg fem dat) "Net" is sagene, which means "seine net," a"large drag-net." - "Net" is from from a Greek word that means a "seine net," "large drag-net" for catching fish.

σάκκῳ  [2 verses](noun sg masc dat) "Sackcloth" is sakkos, which is "a coarse cloth of hair" used for sacks because it was uncomfortable for clothing. This was worn by people as a signing of mourning or penance.  - "Sackcloth" is "a coarse cloth of hair" used for sacks because it was uncomfortable for clothing. This was worn by people as a signing of mourning or penance. This is not a common term for Christ to use. 

σαλευθήσονται.” [4 verses](verb 3rd pl fut ind pass) "Shaken" is from saleuô, which means "to cause to rock," "to make vibrate," "to be shaken," "to waver," "to totter," "to move up and down," "to roll," and "to toss." -- "Shaken" is a Greek verb that means "to cause to rock," "to make vibrate," "to be shaken," "to waver," "to totter," "to move up and down," "to roll," and "to toss."

σαλευόμενον; [3 verses](part sg pres mp)"Shaken" is saleusô, which means "to cause to rock," "to vibrate," "to wave to and frow, "move up and down," "roll," "toss," and metaphorically, "toss like a ship at sea," "to be tempest-tossed," and "be in sore distress." -- "Shaken" is a verb which means "to cause to rock," "to vibrate," and has the metaphorical meaning of "being tempest-tossed" It is in the form which indicates that subject acting on themselves. In English, we describe someone shaking themselves as "trembling."

σάλου, [1 verse]( noun sg masc gen ) "Waves" is salos, which means "tossing motion" of earthquakes, "rolling swell" of the sea, and metaphorically, "distemper", "restlessness", and "perplexity". It is also salos, (adj sg masc gen) which means "silly" and "imbecile".

σάλπιγγος [1 verse](noun sg fem gen) "Trumpet" is salpigx, which means "war-trumpet," but it is also the name of a bird and a kind of comet. -- "Trumpet" is translated from a Greek word that means "war-trumpet," but it was also the name for a type of comet. Given that the context of the last several verses refers to heavenly bodies and omens, a "great" comet makes more sense than a "great" trumpet, especially since the word "sound" does not appear.

() "Do sound a trumpet" is salpizo, which means "blow a trumpet", "sound a trumpet", "give a signal by trumpet", "to announce," and "to proclaim." -- The word translated as "sound a trumpet" means to announce in the same sense that we say "blow your own horn" in English.

σαπρὸν [5 verses](adj sg neut nom ) "Corrupt" is sapros, which means "rotten", "putrid", "stale", "rancid", "worn-out," and "mellow [of wine]." --The word translated as "corrupt" means "rancid", "rotten," and "worn out." Since it also means "mellow" when applied to wine, it means food that is either old or bad.