At the Last Supper, Jesus gives his final message to the apostles. The discussion is the one the Father will send.
John 14:27 Peace I leave with you, my peace I give to you: not as the world gives, give I to you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.
John 14:27 Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid.
A peace, I let go for you. A peace, this one of mine, I give to you. Not as this world gives, I myself give to you. It must not be troubled, yours, this heart, neither must it fear.
On a personal level, the word translated as "peace" mean "tranquility." Referring to society, it means "a period of peace. Jesus, however, seems to use this word more on a personal level. The word translated as "leave" also means "to let go," which is the basis of tranquility. All the verbs translated as "give" could be in the form of possibility, "might" or "should" give, but that sense doesn't seem to fit. The final two verbs ("be troubled/be afraid") are third person commands, which are better translated as "it must."
Jesus can give us emotional harmony.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "with" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "peace" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW -- Missing Word -- The pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "not" is the subjective negative of opinion with the sense of "not wanting," "not thinking" or not seeming when used with a non-opinion verb. It is different than the previous "not."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "heart" is not shown in the English translation.
- WV - Wrong Voice - The verb here is translated as passive but it is active.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "with" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "peace" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW -- Missing Word -- The pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "not" is the subjective negative of opinion with the sense of "not wanting," "not thinking" or not seeming when used with a non-opinion verb. It is different than the previous "not."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "heart" is not shown in the English translation.
- WN - Wrong Number- The word "hearts" is translated as plural but the Greek word is singular.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "and" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "it" is not shown in the English translation.
- WV - Wrong Voice - The verb here is translated as passive but it is active.
Peace -- "Peace" is the Greek term that means harmony between individuals and nations" and the general idea of safety, security, and prosperity. It is the opposite of the state of war. In Hebrew, the word for peace was used in salutations and as an inquiry as to one's health.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb. l
leave -- The word translated as "forgive" primarily means "to let go" or "to send away." It has the sense of leaving something alone and letting it drop. This same word is usually translated as "leave," "forgive," "suffer," and "let" in the New Testament. See this article for more.
with -- (CW) This word "with" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with," "in," "of," "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context. The case can indicate a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "about" (or "for" or "against") indicating interest, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, "at" or "on" a time, and an "in" for area of effect. In this context, "for" seems to make more sense than "with."
you, -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc. As the object of a preposition, this form implies no movement, but in a fixed position or events occur at a specified time or while the action was being performed.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
my -- "My" is the first-person adjective, not the common pronoun, used in Greek to create a possessive or as the object of a preposition. Unlike the genitive pronoun used as a possessive, its case matches its noun. Perhaps "mine own" captures its best. It is introduced by an article and comes after the noun, "peace."
peace -- "Peace" is the Greek term that means harmony between individuals and nations" and the general idea of safety, security, and prosperity. It is the opposite of the state of war. In Hebrew, the word for peace was used in salutations and as an inquiry as to one's health.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
give -- The verb translated as "given" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
you: -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc. As the object of a preposition, this form implies no movement, but in a fixed position or events occur at a specified time or while the action was being performed.
not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words.
as -- "As" is from a Greek word that means which means "even as," "how," and, in relating to time, "as" and "when."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article; without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
world -- Jesus uses the word translated as "the world" to mean "the world order," and "civilization," specifically its "rulers," or its organization. Today, we use the word "society" or "regime" in this sense. More about this word in this article about related words.
gives, -- The verb translated as "given" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give." This verb could be a statement or a possibility, "might give."
give -- The verb translated as "given" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give." This verb could be a statement or a possibility, "might give."
I -- The pronoun "I" is used here. Since the subject of the sentence is part of the verb, its explicit use accentuates who is speaking "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "myself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
you: -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc. As the object of a preposition, this form implies no movement, but in a fixed position or events occur at a specified time or while the action was being performed.
The following is from the next verse in the source that I use.
Let -- This "let" is the helping verb used to translate the Greek form of the third-person command. In English all commands are in the second person. This form is used as something like our word "must." Using "let" as the active verb, rather than a helper verb like "must," changes the subject from the third party to the second.
not -- (CW) The negative used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" or "think" something, not that it isn't done or thought. With the verb "to be," the sense is "doesn't seem." When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words. This is the negative used with commands or requests. Used with an imperative to express a will or wish. Used in negative "when" and "if" clauses.
your -- The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the genitive case. Jesus usually puts this word after the subject in modifies, but here it is before.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
heart -- "Heart" is the Greek word that means "heart" both the physical organ and as the seat of emotions, which we discuss in a larger Greek context in this article here. Jesus and the Septuagint use a singular "heart" when referring to a group of people.
be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
troubled, - - "Troubled" is a verb that means means to "stir", "trouble", "agitate", "disturb", "cause relaxation of the bowels", and "trouble the mind." The opposite of being "troubled" is being at peace. Jesus used this word to describe agitation of the heart and the self.
neither -- The Greek word for "neither" is an adverb that means "not at all" or "no even." The word for "nor" is the Greek subjective negative plus the Greek word for "but." As a conjunction, it works as both parts of the "neither/nor" constructions. The negative is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" to do something, not that it isn't done.
let -- This "let" is the helping verb used to translate the Greek form of the third-person command. In English all commands are in the second person. This form is used as something like our word "must." Using "let" as the active verb, rather than a helper verb like "must," changes the subject from the third party to the second.
it-- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
be -- (WV) This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. This verb is not passive but active.
afraid. - The Greek word translated as "afraid" means "to be afraid," "to be fearful," and "to be timid." Jesus only uses it once, in this verse.
Peace -- "Peace" is the Greek term that means harmony between individuals and nations" and the general idea of safety, security, and prosperity. It is the opposite of the state of war. In Hebrew, the word for peace was used in salutations and as an inquiry as to one's health.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb. l
leave -- The word translated as "forgive" primarily means "to let go" or "to send away." It has the sense of leaving something alone and letting it drop. This same word is usually translated as "leave," "forgive," "suffer," and "let" in the New Testament. See this article for more.
with -- (CW) This word "with" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with," "in," "of," "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context. The case can indicate a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "about" (or "for" or "against") indicating interest, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, "at" or "on" a time, and an "in" for area of effect. In this context, "for" seems to make more sense than "with."
you, -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc. As the object of a preposition, this form implies no movement, but in a fixed position or events occur at a specified time or while the action was being performed.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
my -- "My" is the first-person adjective, not the common pronoun, used in Greek to create a possessive or as the object of a preposition. Unlike the genitive pronoun used as a possessive, its case matches its noun. Perhaps "mine own" captures its best. It is introduced by an article and comes after the noun, "peace."
peace -- "Peace" is the Greek term that means harmony between individuals and nations" and the general idea of safety, security, and prosperity. It is the opposite of the state of war. In Hebrew, the word for peace was used in salutations and as an inquiry as to one's health.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
give -- The verb translated as "given" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
you: -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc. As the object of a preposition, this form implies no movement, but in a fixed position or events occur at a specified time or while the action was being performed.
I -- The pronoun "I" is used here. Since the subject of the sentence is part of the verb, its explicit use accentuates who is speaking "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "myself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
do -- This English helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in translation from Greek
not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words.
give -- The verb translated as "given" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give." This verb could be a statement or a possibility, "might give."
to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
you: -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc. As the object of a preposition, this form implies no movement, but in a fixed position or events occur at a specified time or while the action was being performed.
as -- "As" is from a Greek word that means which means "even as," "how," and, in relating to time, "as" and "when."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article; without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
world -- Jesus uses the word translated as "the world" to mean "the world order," and "civilization," specifically its "rulers," or its organization. Today, we use the word "society" or "regime" in this sense. More about this word in this article about related words.
gives, -- The verb translated as "given" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give." This verb could be a statement or a possibility, "might give."
The following is from the next verse in the source that I use.
Do -- This English helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in translation from Greek
not -- (CW) The negative used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" or "think" something, not that it isn't done or thought. With the verb "to be," the sense is "doesn't seem." When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words. This is the negative used with commands or requests. Used with an imperative to express a will or wish. Used in negative "when" and "if" clauses.
let -- This "let" is the helping verb used to translate the Greek form of the third-person command. In English all commands are in the second person. This form is used as something like our word "must." Using "let" as the active verb, rather than a helper verb like "must," changes the subject from the third party to the second.
your -- The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the genitive case. Jesus usually puts this word after the subject in modifies, but here it is before.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
hearts -- (WN) "Heart" is the Greek word that means "heart" both the physical organ and as the seat of emotions, which we discuss in a larger Greek context in this article here. Jesus and the Septuagint use a singular "heart" when referring to a group of people. This is not plural, but singular.
be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
troubled, - - "Troubled" is a verb that means means to "stir", "trouble", "agitate", "disturb", "cause relaxation of the bowels", and "trouble the mind." The opposite of being "troubled" is being at peace. Jesus used this word to describe agitation of the heart and the self.
and -- -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "and" in the Greek source.
Do -- This English helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in translation from Greek
not -- (CW) The Greek word for "not" is an adverb that means "not at all" or "no even." The word for "nor" is the Greek subjective negative plus the Greek word for "but." As a conjunction, it works as both parts of the "neither/nor" constructions. The negative is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" to do something, not that it isn't done. It is not the usual negative.
missing "it " -- (MW) The untranslated word is "it" is from the third-person, singular form of the verb. This translation makes this look like the verb is the second person.
be -- (WV) This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. This verb is not passive but active.
afraid. - The Greek word translated as "afraid" means "to be afraid," "to be fearful," and "to be timid." Jesus only uses it once, in this verse.
Εἰρήνην [18 verses](noun sg fem acc) "Peace" is eirene, which means "time of peace," "national tranquility," "peace," "tranquility," "personal tranquility," and "harmony." It is the name for the goddess of peace.
ἀφίημι [73 verses](1st sg pres ind act) "I leave " is aphiemi, which means "to let fall," "to send away," "give up," "hand over," "to let loose," "to get rid of," "to leave alone," "to pass by," "to permit," and "to send forth from oneself."
ὑμῖν [289 verses](pron 2nd pl dat) "With you" is humin the plural form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you."
εἰρήνην [18 verses](noun sg fem acc) "Peace" is eirene, which means "time of peace," "national tranquility," "peace," "tranquility," "personal tranquility," and "harmony." It is the name for the goddess of peace.
τὴν [821 verses](article sg fem acc) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). -
ἐμὴν [28 verses](adj sg fem acc ) "My" is emos, which means "mine," "of me," "my," "relating to me," and "against me." The form can also be the object of a preposition, "me."
δίδωμι [147 verses](verb 1st sg pres ind/subj act pres) "I give" is didomi, which means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe."
ὑμῖν [289 verses](pron 2nd pl dat) "To you" is humin the plural form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you."
οὐ [269 verses](partic) "Not" is ou , the negative adverb for facts and statements, negating both single words and sentences. The other negative adverb, μή applies to will and thought; οὐ denies, μή rejects; οὐ is absolute, μή relative; οὐ objective, μή subjective.
καθὼς [36 verses] (adv) "As" is kathos, which means "even as," "how," and, in relating to time, "as" and "when."
ὁ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
κόσμος [63 verses](noun sg masc nom) "World" is kosmos, which mean "order," "good order," "ruler," "civilization," "world order," "universe," and "the world of men." It is a form of the is verb kosmeô, which means "to order," "to arrange," "to rule," "to adorn" (especially women), and "to equip." It especially means controlling and arranging an army.
δίδωσιν [147 verses](verb 3rd sg pres ind/subj act) "Gives" is didomi, which means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe."
ἐγὼ [162 verses](pron 1st sg masc nom) "I" is ego, which is the first-person singular pronoun meaning "I." It also means "I at least," "for my part," "indeed," and for myself.
δίδωμι [147 verses](verb 1st sg pres ind/subj act pres) "Give" is didomi, which means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe."
ὑμῖν [289 verses](pron 2nd pl dat) "To you" is humin the plural form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you."
In the source that I use, this following is part of the next verse.
μὴ [447 verses](conj) "Not" is me , which is the negative used in prohibitions and expressions of doubt meaning "not" and "no." As οὐ (ou) negates fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. With pres. or aor. subj. used in a warning or statement of fear, "take care" It can be the conjunction "lest" or "for fear that." Used before tis with an imperative to express a will or wish for something in independent sentences and, with subjunctives, to express prohibitions.
ταρασσέσθω [4 verses] (verb 3rd sg pres imperat mp) "Troubled" is from tarasso, which means "stir", "trouble", "agitate", "disturb", "cause relaxation of the bowels", an "trouble the mind."
ὑμῶν [168 verses](pron 2nd pl gen) "Your/you" is humon, the plural possessive form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you." It is either a possessive pronoun or the object of a preposition.
ἡ [821 verses](article sg fem nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
καρδία [37 verses](noun sg fem nom) "Heart" is kardia, which means "heart (the physical organ)," "the seat of emotions (especially passion, rage, and anger)," "inclination," "desire," "purpose," "mind," "the pith (in wood), and "the deep (of the sea)."
μηδὲ [24 verses] (partic) "Neither" is mede, which means "and not," "but not," "nor," and "not." The negative is the one used in prohibitions and expressions of doubt meaning "not" and "no."
δειλιάτω [1 verse](verb 3rd sg pres imperat act) This is deiliao, which means "to be afraid," "to be fearful," and "to be timid."
Both aphiemi and didomi can mean "to hand over."