For -- The word translated as "for" introduces a reason or explanation so "because" and, in questions, "why".

I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.

say -- The word translated as "I say" is the most common word that means "to say" and "to speak". but it also means "to teach", which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.

unto -- This word "to" comes from the dative case, the form Jesus uses to describe his own speaking can be either indicative, "I say/tell" or subjunctive, "I should/could say/tell", of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use. The "to" for an indirect object is the  most common.

you, -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you", "for you", etc. 

I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.

will -- (WW) This helping verb indicates that the verb is the future tense, but it isn't. It is in the form of possibility so it needs a "should" or "might".

not -- (CW) The "not" here is both of the Greek negatives used together. Greek has two negatives, one objective, one subjective. The use of both together is more extreme, like saying, "never" or literally, "you cannot really think". When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words. 

drink -- The word "I will...drink" is the Greek for meaning to "drink". It also has a double meaning. "To drink" also means "to celebrate". The form of this verb is not the future tense, but a form, which when used with this form of negative, is used either to make this future seem doubtful or certain, "it may be that" or "it is certain". We see this same form in Luke 22:16 and Matthew 26:29.

missing "from the present" -- (OS) The Greek words here aren't tranlated correctly. There is a phrase here that means "from the present" or, as we would say, "from now on". The word that should be translated as "from" means "from" in both location and when referring to a source. The "now on" is literally "the now", which means "the present". The word that should be translated as "this" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. The Greek word that should be translated as "now" means "now", "at the present moment","presently" and "as it is".  With the article, as it is here, its sense is "the present" or "this now".

of --- (CW) The word translated as "of" means "from" in both locations and when referring to a source or a cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done and "away from". It is not the word form usually translated as "of". Referring to time, it means "from" and "after". 

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more. 

fruit -- (CW) The term used for "fruit" here means both "offspring" and "product". This is word not usually translated as "fruit".

of -- This word "of" comes from the possessive form (genitive case) of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more. 

vine -- The terms translated as "of the vine" is means "vine" and specifically "grape vine". Christ has used the related term, vineyard, many times but this word is less common.

until -- "Until" is from the conjunction that means "until", "till", "in order that" and "up to the point that".

missing "this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is a demonstrative pronoun ("this", "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that"), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.  Here, it introduces the following short sentence.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more. 

kingdom The word translated as "kingdom" can be the region, the reign, the castle or the authority of a ruler. Christ does not seem to use it to mean a physical region, so its translation as "reign" or "realm" seems more appropriate. This is especially true because the "reign" of a king means the execution of his will.

of -- This word comes from the genitive case of the following word(s) that required the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to", "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons) or "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs. 

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.  

God. -- The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity". It is introduced with an article, so "the God." Jesus often uses it this way, perhaps to indicate the one God as opposed to the pagan gods.

shall -- (CW) This helping verb "shall" does not indicate the future tense, but that the verb describes a possibility, the subjunctive voice. A "might" or "should" in English is more appropriate, but is assumed in an "if/when/whoever/except" clause. Helping verbs are not needed in Greek since the main verb carries this information in its form. 

come -- The word translated as "shall come" primarily means "to start out" but Christ usually uses it to mean "come" but not always. It indicates movement, especially its beginning, without indicating a direction toward or away from anything, so it works either as "come" or "go", but it is more like our phrase "being underway". Our English word "show up" captures both the "start" and "come" ideas. The form is not the future tense, as translated. It is again in the form of a possibility "might show up".