Ἠσαίου [3 verses](proper name) "Esaias" is from the Greek Ēsaias, which is the Greek word for the prophet Isaiah. - "Esaias" is the Greek spelling of the English name, Isaiah.

ἔσχατα [21 verses](adj sg fem nom) "Last" is eschatos. In space, this means "furthest." In degree, it means "uttermost" and "highest." In persons, it means "lowest" and "meanest." Of time, it means "last" and "ending." -- "Last" is from an adjective that, in space, this means "furthest." In degree, it means "uttermost" and "highest." In persons, it means "lowest" and "meanest." Of time, it means "last" and "ending." If the context is the previous verse, it can refer to distance or people so it means "furthest" or "meanest." However, clearly, its use is intended for a double meaning, meaning both. KJV English has a double meaning as well, but it is not quite the same.

ἔσωθεν [6 verses](adv) "Inwardly" is esothen, which means "from within," "inside," "within," and "inward." -- "Within" is the adverb meaning "inwardly."

ἐσθίων [30 verses](part sg pres act masc nom) "Eating" is esthio, which means "to eat," "devour," "fret," "vex," and to "take in one's mouth." It is also a metaphor for decay and erosion. -- The word translated as "ye shall eat" means "eat" but it also means "fret," as we say "something is eating me up."

ἐθνικοὶ [4 verses](adj pl masc nom) "Gentiles" is ethnikos, which means "national," "provincial," "foriegn," and "gentile." It was used in the same way we would describe someone as an "ethnic" or "foreigner." Foreigners, the Greeks and Romans, were the rulers of the nation in Christ's time. -- The word translated as "publicans" generally refers to everyone who is not a Jew. This is one of two similar words that often get translated as "gentiles," but this is the less common form, which more clearly means "foreigners."  Jesus uses this word in contrast with "friends" so "strangers."

ἔθνη [22 verses](noun pl neut nom) "Gentiles" is ethnos, which means "a number of people living together," "company," "body of men," "tribe," "a people," "nation," and (later) "foreign, barbarous nations." -- The word translated as "Gentiles" means "a group of people living together," a nation, a tribe, or a cast of people. Later it came to mean "barbarous nations" similar to our idea of ethnic people. Jesus used it to mean "non-Judean" people.

Ἐφφαθά {ephphtha}[1 verse] (Aramaic) This could be from the Aramaic ethpthah, the passive imperative of the verb pthah, 'to open.'

ἔτι [18 verses](adv) "Yet" is eti, which means "yet" and "still" (with the Present), "already" (with the Past), "yet" and "longer" (with the Future), "no longer" (with a negative), and"still" and "besides" (of degree). - (CW) Yet" is an adverb that means "yet" (with future) and "still" (w/present), "already",  "longer", "no longer" (with a negative), "still" and "besides". CW - Confusing Word -- The "yet" does not capture the word's specific meaning.

ἔτη  [6 verses] (noun pl neut acc) "Years" is from etos, which means "year", "yearly", and "annually". - -"Years" is from a Greek word that means "year", "yearly", and "annually". It is also an uncommon word, used primarily by Luke. 

εὖ [4 verses](adv) "Good" is eu, the word for "well," "thoroughly," "competently," "fortunately," and "happily." -- (WF) The adverb translated as "good" is not a noun or an adjective, but an adverb. It means "well," "thoroughly," "competently," and "fortunately." This is the adverb form of "good," not the adjective "good". The word is uncommon for Christ to use as an adverb, but he commonly uses it in compound words such as the Greek word translated as "gospel" which means "good news." See this article on "good" and this one on "evil."