Apostles ask when temple will fall.
Luke 21:12 But before all these, they shall lay their hands on you, and persecute you, delivering you up to the synagogues, and into prisons, being brought before kings and rulers for my name's sake.
Luke 21:12 But before all this, they will seize you and persecute you. They will hand you over to synagogues and put you in prison, and you will be brought before kings and governors, and all on account of my name.
Before, however, all these things, they lay on you those hands of theirs and they will hound you, betraying you in those meeting places and watch stations, being brought up to rulers and governors on account of this name of mine.
Four "and" conjunctions are used to extend this verse. Two participles, "betraying/delivering/handing over" and "being brought", are also used to extend it. Jesus is drawing it out to exaggerate it.
The "before kings" actually says "up to kings" to emphasize the level of attention they will get.
Wars and apostles get the attention of kings and governors.
πρὸ δὲ τούτων πάντων ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ἐφ᾽ ὑμᾶς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν
Before, however, these things, all they lay on you those hands of theirs you,
καὶ διώξουσιν, παραδιδόντες εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς καὶ φυλακάς,
and they will hound you betraying you in those meeting places and watch stations,
ἀπαγομένους ἐπὶ βασιλεῖς καὶ ἡγεμόνας ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀνόματός μου:
being brought up to rulers and governors on account of this name of mine.
But befor(CW) e all these, they shall lay their (MW) hands on you, and persecute you, delivering you up to the synagogues, and into(IW) prisons, being brought before kings and rulers(CW) for my (MW) name's sake.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "hands" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "before".
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "into" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "rulers" doesn't precisely mean "rulers".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "name" is not shown in the English translation.
- PP3 -- Paraphrase - The phrase "lay those hands of theirs on" exists in the source but "seize" doesn't.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "will" indicates the future tense, but that is not the tense here.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "handing".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the" after "to" is not shown in the English translation.
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "put you in" doesn't exist in the source.
- WN --Wrong Number- The word "prisons" is translated as singular but the Greek word is plural.
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "and you will" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "being brought".
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "before".
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "and all" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "name" is not shown in the English translation.
But -- The Greek word translated as "but" means "but", "however" and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
before -- (CW) The word translated as "before" means "towards", "by reason of" (for) and "against". It does have the specific meaning of "before" in time.
all -- The word translated as "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all", "the whole", "every" and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything". As an adverb, it means "in every way", "on every side" and "altogether".
these-- "These" is a demonstrative pronoun that means "this", "here", "the nearer" and "the familiar".
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense or a form that indicates possibility at some time. A "might" or "should" could work here or nothing at all in an "if/when/whoever" clause which implies a possibility. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
lay -- The word translated as "lay" means literally to" throw against, before, by or on", but it has a large variety of specific uses. Its root means "toss" and is used by Jesus frequently, usually humorously. The word form could be future, but it could also be something that might possibly happen at some time, which is more common for Jesus.
their -- The word translated as "their" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. While it can preceded the word like our "my", Jesus prefers the phrasing "those hands of theirs" because it is funnier.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
hands -- The Greek word translated as "hands" means "the hand and forearm". It can mean both the idea of a helping hand and being in someone's control.
on -- The word translated as "unto" means "on", "over", "upon", "against", "before", "after", "during", "by" or "on".
you -- The "you" here is the second-person, plural pronoun in the form of an object.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
persecute -- The word translated as "persecute" means both "chase away" and "seek after". It is in the form of the future tense or one that indicates something that might happen. Again, Jesus usually uses the later.
you -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
delivering -- "Delivering...up" is a compound word which literally means "to give over". It is often translated in the KJV as "betray", which works, but the sense is like we would talk about "turning someone in".
you -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
up - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
to -- The word translated as "to" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject and "up to" limits in time and measure.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
synagogues-- The Greek word translated as "synagogues" is the source of our English word. It simply means an assembly or place of assembly. It comes from a Greek word Christ uses commonly, sunagô, to mean "gather" or "bring together".
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
into -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
prisons -- "Prisons" is a noun that means "a watching or guarding", "a guard", "a ward", "a watch", "a station", "a post", "a keeping", "a preserving", "safekeeping", "a safe-guard" and "a precaution". "Station" as we use "police station" works best.
being -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
brought -- "Brought" is a Greek word which means "to lead", "to carry" or "to fetch" and has a lot of different specific meanings in different contexts. Not all of these are negative, for example, this phrase could mean "guided". It is in the middle passive form where someone is acted upon for or by themselves.
before -- The word translated as "before" means "on", "over", "upon", "against", "before", "after", "during", "by" or "on". It is not the same as the "before" used with time above. With the objective noun, an accusative, it means of place: "upon or on to a height", "up to", "as far as", "a little way", "a little", "towards", "to", in hostile sense: "against", of extension: "over", "over" (a space), of time: "for", "during", "up to" or "till", in a causal sense: "of" (the object), "for" (this purpose), "as regards", "after", "according to" and "by" (this cause).
kings -- "Kings" is translated from a Greek word which means a "king" or "chief".
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
rulers -- (CW) "Rulers" is the Greek for a leader of any kind, but the term was specifically used for the governors of provinces in Roman times. The word is the basis for our "hegemon". This word doesn't precisely mean "rulers".
for -- The word translated as "for...sake" means "on account of", "because" and "in consequence of".
my -- My" is the first-person possessive singular pronoun.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
name's -- The Greek word translated as "name" is much more complicated than it might at first appear. It can simply mean a "name" as in English, this can be many things. It doesn't mean the thing itself, but what people call it. For example, it can mean a "false name" or "a pretense" as we say "this is a marriage in name only." It can also mean representing another person's authority, as we say, "he is acting in the name of the boss".
But -- The Greek word translated as "but" means "but", "however" and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feel ing better.
before -- (CW) The word translated as "before" means "towards", "by reason of" (for) and "against". It does have the specific meaning of "before" in time.
all -- The word translated as "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all", "the whole", "every". and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything". As an adverb, it means "in every way", "on every side" and "altogether".
these-- "These" is a demonstrative pronoun that means "this", "here", "the nearer" and "the familiar".
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "will " indicates that the verb is the future tense or a form that indicates possibility at some time. A "might" or "should" could work here or nothing at all in an "if/when/whoever" clause which implies a possibility. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
seize -- (PP) The Greek words meaning "lay those hands of theirs on" here are not translated but instead their assumed meaning is paraphrased into different words. The word translated as "lay" means literally to "throw against, before, by or on", but it has a large variety of specific uses. Its root means "toss" and is used by Jesus frequently, usually humorously. The word form could be future, but it could also be something that might possibly happen at some time, which is more common for Jesus. The word translated as "their" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. While it can precede the word like our "my", Jesus prefers the phrasing "those hands of theirs" because it is funnier. The next word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more. The Greek word translated as "hands" means "the hand and forearm". It can mean both the idea of a helping hand and being in someone's control. The word translated as "unto" means "on", "over", "upon", "against", "before", "after", "during", "by" or "on".
you -- The "you" here is the second-person, plural pronoun in the form of an object.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
persecute -- The word translated as "persecute" means both "chase away" and "seek after". It is in the form of the future tense or one that indicates something that might happen. Again, Jesus usually uses the later.
you -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
They -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
will -- (WT) This helping verb "will" indicates the future tense, but the verb is not the future.
hand -- (WF) "Hand...over" is a compound word which literally means "to give over". It is often translated in the KJV as "betray", which works, but the sense is like we would talk about "turning someone in". This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "handing."
you -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
over - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
to -- The word translated as "to" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure.
missing "the " -- (MW) The untranslated word "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more.
synagogues-- The Greek word translated as "synagogues" is the source of our English word. It simply means an assembly or place of assembly. It comes from a Greek word Christ uses commonly, sunagô, to mean "gather" or "bring together".
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
put you in -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
prison -- (WN) "Prison" is a noun that means "a watching or guarding", "a guard", "a ward", "a watch", "a station", "a post", "a keeping", "a preserving", "safekeeping", "a safe-guard" and "a precaution". "Station" as we use "police station" works best. -- This word is not singular but plural.
and you will -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
be -- (WF) This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "being".
brought -- "Brought" is a Greek word which means "to lead", "to carry" or "to fetch" and has a lot of different specific meanings in different contexts. Not all of these are negative, for example, this phrase could mean "guided". It is in the middle passive form where someone is acted upon for or by themselves.
before -- The word translated as "before" means "on", "over", "upon", "against", "before", "after", "during", "by" or "on." It is not the same as the "before" used with time above. With the objective noun here, an accusative, it means of place: "upon or on to a height", "up to", "as far as", "a little way", "a little", "towards", "to", in hostile sense: "against", of extension: "over", "over" (a space), of time: "for", "during", "up to" or "till", in a causal sense: "of" (the object), "for" (this purpose), "as regards", "after", "according to" and "by" (this cause).
kings -- "Kings" is translated from a Greek word which means a "king" or "chief".
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
governors --"Governors" is the Greek for a leader of any kind, but the term was specifically used for the governors of provinces in Roman times. The word is the basis for our "hegemon".
and all -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
on account of -- The word translated as "for...sake" means "on account of", "because" and "in consequence of".
my -- My" is the first-person possessive singular pronoun.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the". which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
name -- The Greek word translated as "name" is much more complicated than it might at first appear. It can simply mean a "name" as in English, this can be many things. It doesn't mean the thing itself, but what people call it. For example, it can mean a "false name" or "a pretense" as we say "this is a marriage in name only". It can also mean representing another person's authority, as we say, "he is acting in the name of the boss".
πρὸ (prep) "Before" is pros, which means "on the side of", "in the direction of", "from" (place), "towards", "before", "in the presence of", "in the eyes of", "in the name of", "by reason of", "before" (supplication), "proceeding from" (for effects), "dependent on", "derivable from", "agreeable", "becoming", "like", "at the point of", "in addition to", "against" and "before".
δὲ (conj/adv) "But" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand". It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be a weak connective ("and") and explanation of cause ("so") and a condition ("if").
τούτων ( adj pl neut/masc/fem gen ) "These" is toutou, which is a demonstrative pronoun that means "this", "here", "the nearer" and "the familiar".
πάντων ( adj pl masc gen ) "All" is pas, which means "all", "the whole", "every", "anyone", "all kinds" and "anything". In the adverbial form, it means "every way", "on every side", "in every way" and "altogether".
ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ( verb 3rd pl fut ind act) "They shall lay" is epiballo, which means to "throw or cast upon", "lay on", "affix" (a seal, add),"contribute", "place next in order", "let grow", "let loose", "throw oneself upon", "go straight towards", "follow", "come next", "belong to", "fall to the share of", "shut to", "close", "to overlap" (in logic), and in the passive, to "lie upon", "be put upon" and "be set over".
ἐφ᾽ (prep) "On" is epi, which means "on", "over", "upon", "at", "by", "before", "across", "after" in position, "during" and "against".
ὑμᾶς (pron 2nd pl acc) "You" is humas which is the plural form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you".
τὰς [821 verses](article pl fem acc) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
χεῖρας ( noun pl fem acc ) "Hands" is cheir (cheir) which means "the hand and arm" and "with the help or agency of another". Like "hand" in English, it has a lot of meanings including "an act or deed", "a body of people" and the measurement "handful".
αὐτῶν [86 verses](pron/adj pl masc/fem/neut gen) "Their" is auton, is the genitive case of the third-person, plural adjective that is used as a pronoun. The word also means "the same", "one's true self" and "the soul" as opposed to the body. It also means "of one's own accord". It is used as a possessive or the object of a verb or preposition. As a preposition's object it means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. This pronoun follows the noun so "of theirs".
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
διώξουσιν, ( verb 3rd pl fut ind act or verb 3rd pl aor subj act) "Persecute" is from dioko, which means "to cause to run", "to set into motion", "to pursue", "to chase" [away], "to follow", "to seek after", "to be hurried" (passive), "to urge on", "to prosecute" [legally], or "to drive".
παραδιδόντες ( part pl pres act masc nom ) "Delivering" is paradidomi, which means "to give over to another", "to transmit", "to hand down", "to grant", "to teach" and "to bestow".
εἰς (prep) "To" is eis, which means "into" (of place), "up to" (of time), "until" (of time), "as much as" (of measure or limit), "as far as" (of measure or limit), "towards" (to express relation), "in regard to" (to express relation), "of an end or limit" and "for" (of purpose or object).
τὰς [821 verses](article pl fem acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
συναγωγὰς ( noun pl fem acc ) "Synagogue" is synagoge, which means a "bringing together", "assembly", "place of assembly", "contracting", "collection", "combination", "conclusion" and "demonstration". It comes from a Greek word Christ uses commonly, sunagô, to mean "gather" or "bring together".
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
φυλακάς, ( noun pl fem acc ) "Prisons" is phylake, which means "a watching or guarding", "a guard", "a ward", "a watch", "a station", "a post", "a keeping", "a preserving", "safekeeping", "a safe-guard" and "a precaution".
ἀπαγομένους ( part pl pres mp masc acc ) "Being brought" is ago, which means to "lead", "carry", "bring", "fetch", "take with one", "carry off", "bear up", "remove", "lead to a point", "lead", "guide", "manage", "refer", "bring up", "train", "educate", "reduce", "draw out" (in length), "hold", "celebrate", "observe" (a date), "pass" (Time), "hold account", "treat", "draw down" (in the scale), and "weight".
ἐπὶ (prep) "Before" is epi, which means "on", "over", "upon", "at", "by", "before", "across," "after" in position, "during", and "against". With the objective noun, an accusative, it means of place: "upon or on to a height", "up to", "as far as", "a little way", "a little", "towards", "to", in hostile sense: "against", of extension: "over", "over" (a space), of time: "for", "during", "up to" or "till" in a causal sense: "of" (the object), "for" (this purpose), "as regards", "after", "according to" and "by" (this cause)".
βασιλεῖς ( noun pl masc acc ) "Kings" is basileus, which means a "king", "chief", "prince", "lord", "master", "a great man" and "the first and most distinguished of any class". It is a form of the word used for "kingdom".
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
ἡγεμόνας (noun pl masc acc ) "Governors" is hegemon, which means "one who leads", "leader", "commander", "chief" and "one who does a thing first". The term was specifically used for the governors of provinces in Roman times.
ἕνεκεν (prep) "For...sake" is heneka, which means "on account of", "as far as regards", "in consequence of" and "because".
τοῦ [821 verses](article sg neut gen) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
ὀνόματός ( noun sg neut gen ) "Name" is onoma, which means "name". It means both the reputation of "fame," and "a name and nothing else", as opposed to a real person. Acting in someone's name means to act on their behalf, as their representative.
μου: (pro sg masc gen) "My" is mou, which means "my" or "mine".
It is surprising how many times similar verses appear in the Gospel (five times) and yet all of them are a little different.