Jesus starts a story about a man picking the best rooms and having someone more worthy show up.
Luke 14:9 And he that bade thee and him come and say to thee, Give this man place; and thou begin with shame to take the lowest room.
Luke 14:9 If so, the host who invited both of you will come and say to you, ‘Give this person your seat.’ Then, humiliated, you will have to take the least important place.
And showing up, the one inviting you and him will say to you, "Give to this person here a place." And then you will be the first with dishonor to occupy that furthest place.
This verse plays on the words used in the previous verses. The discussion is about putting yourself first. In the previous verse, the discussion was about taking the "foremost" couches when a more honorable person appears. Here, Jesus makes it clear that he is talking about "place" instead of "couches." The punchline says the man "will be first" "with dishonor" in the "lowest places." So he is the first at being the worst.
It is better to put ourselves down than have others do it.
And he(WW) that(IW) bade(WF) thee and him come(WF) and(IW) say(WT) to thee, Give this man(CW) place; and (MWthen) thou begin(WT) with shame to take(WW) the lowest room(CW).
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "he" should be something more like "the one".
- IW - Inserted Word -- The "that" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "inviting".
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "coming".
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "and" doesn't exist in the source.
- WT -- Wrong Tense -- This verb is the future tense, which requires a "will" before the verb, "say".
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "this person here" doesn't precisely mean "this man".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "then" after "and" is not shown in the English translation.
- WT -- Wrong Tense -- This verb is the future tense, which requires a "will" before the verb "begin".
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "take" should be something more like "occupy".
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not one of the common words usually translated as "room".
[If so(IP2)] (MWand), the host(IW) who(IW) invited [both of(PP2) you will(WP) come(WF) and(IW) say to you, ‘Give this person your(IW) seat(CW).’ Then(WW), (MWwith) humiliated(WF), you will have(WW) to take(WW) the least important place.
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "if so" doesn't exist in the source. This is counted as 2 translation issues, not 1
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" beginning the verse is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "host" doesn't exist in the source.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The "who" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "inviting."
- PP - Inserted Phrase-- These "both of " are a paraphrase of what is in the source. This is counted as 2 translation issues, not 1.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "coming."
- WP -- Wrongly Placed -- The word "will" doesn't appear here but negates the verb "say."
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "your" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "seat."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" beginning the sentence is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "with" after "then" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "humiliated" is not a participle, a verbal adjective, but a noun.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "have" should be something more like "be the first."
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "take" should be something more like "occupy."
And -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis.
he -- (WW)The word translated as "he" is the Greek definite article, "the" which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more. This word doesn't mean "he."
that -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than as a participle. I
bade -- (WF) The term translated as "bade " is like our word "call" because it means "to summon", "to invite" and also "to name". This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "inviting."
thee -The word translated as "you" is the Greek adjective that acts like our second-person pronoun. The form is the second-person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis.
him -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition.
come -- (WF) The word translated as "come" primarily means "to start out" but Jesus usually uses it to mean "come" but not always. It indicates movement, especially its beginning, without indicating a direction toward or away from anything, so it works either as "start", "come" or "go" but it is more like our phrase "being underway". Technically, it is in the middle voice meaning the subject acts on himself. In English, this is assumed in our words "come" and "go". Our English word "show up" captures both the "start" and "come" ideas. See this article for more. This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "coming."
and -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
missing "will" -- (WT) The helping vcrb, "will" is needed to show the future tense of the verb.
say - The word translated as "speak" means "to say" and "to speak" It is one of the two most common words translated "speak", "say" and "tell", but it has more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.
to -- This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
thee, --- The word for "you" is the indirect object form of the singular, second-person pronoun in the form of an indirect object of a verb or a preposition.
Give -- The verb translated as "give" means "to give", "to grant", "to hand over", "appoint", "establish" and "to describe". It is almost always translated as some form of "give".
this -- (CW) The word translated as "this" means "from here" "from there" or "this/that thing/person here/there". As a pronoun by itself, it means "this here" but it can be shortened to just "this". The Bible usually translates it as the adjective "this" when it appears after words modifying them, which is confusing because the definite article, with which it is often used before the word, also can mean "this." It works better as "here," which is how Jesus usually uses it, but it can also mean "there." It often comes after the noun, emphasizing it, "this thing here".
man -- This word doesn't precisely mean "man".
place; -- "Place" is translated from a Greek word that means "place", "position" and "topic". This is a fairly uncommon word for Christ to use.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis.
missing "then" -- (MW) The untranslated word "then" means "at this time" or "then". With the subjective negative, the sense is "not when".
thou -- This is from the second-person, singular form of the verb.
missing "will" -- (WT) The helping vcrb, "will" is needed to show the future tense of the verb.
begin -- "Ye begin" is from a verb in the form of an adjective that means "to be first", "to begin" and "to make a beginning", "to rule", "to govern" and "to command". Jesus often uses it to say "you will be the first" in a negative sense of claiming a superior position. The two meanings, "to start" and "to command" create different meanings when paired with the following verbs. The form is someone acting on themselves, so "be the first for yourself" or "start yourself."
with -- "With" is the Greek word that usually means "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of". It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.
shame -- "Shame" used by Jesus uniquely here. It means "shame", "dishonor", and "sense of shame". Since the previous verses reference "honor" dishonor works best.
to - This "to" is added to create the infinitive form of the following verb.
take - (WW) "Take" is from a verb that means to "hold fast", "hold back", "withhold", "inhibit", "gain possession of", "be master of", and"possess, occupy". It is not the common word translated as "keep", which is usually translated as "to have". This is a more complex form of that word meaning "keep under" but it has a number of specific uses. This word doesn't mean "and."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the" which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more.
lowest -- "Last" is from an adjective that, in space, this means "furthest". In degree, it means "uttermost" and "highest." In persons, it means "lowest" and "meanest." Of time, it means "last" and "ending." If the context is the previous verse, it can refer to distance or people so it means "furthest" or "meanest." However, clearly, its use is intended for a double meaning, meaning both. KJV English has a double meaning as well, but it is not quite the same.
room. -- (CW) "Room" is translated from a Greek word that means "place", "position" and "topic". This is a fairly uncommon word for Christ to use. This is not one of the common words usually translated as "room."
If so -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
missing "And " -- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and" but it also is used to add emphasis.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the" which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This word doesn't mean "he".
host -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
who -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than as a participle.
invited -- (WF) The term translated as "invited " is like our word "call" because it means both "to summon" "to invite” and also "to name". This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "inviting".
both of -- (PP) These words are a paraphrase of "you and him" in the Greek source. The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and" but it also is used to add emphasis. The word translated as "him" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition.
you -The word translated as "you" is the Greek adjective that acts like our second-person pronoun. The form is the second-person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition.
you -The word translated as "him" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition.
will (WP) The "will" doesn't belong here but before the verb "say".
come -- (WF) The word translated as "come" primarily means "to start out" but Jesus usually uses it to mean "come" but not always. It indicates movement, especially its beginning, without indicating a direction toward or away from anything, so it works either as "start", "come" or "go", but it is more like our phrase "being underway". Technically, it is in the middle voice meaning the subject acts on himself. In English, this is assumed in our words "come" and "go". Our English word "show up" captures both the "start" and "come" ideas. See this article for more. This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "coming."
missing "will" -- (WT) The helping vcrb, "will," is needed to show the future tense of the verb.
say - The word translated as "speak" means "to say" and "to speak." It is one of the two most common words translated "speak”, "say" and "tell". but it has more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.
to -- This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
thee, --- The word for "you" is the indirect object form of the singular, second-person pronoun in the form of an indirect object of a verb or a preposition.
Give -- The verb translated as "give" means "to give”, "to grant", "to hand over", "appoint", "establish" and "to describe". It is almost always translated as some form of "give".
this person -- (CW) The word translated as "this" means "from here" "from there" or "this/that thing/person here/there." As a pronoun by itself, it means "this here" but it can be shortened to just "this”. The Bible usually translates it as the adjective "this" when it appears after words modifying them, which is confusing because the definite article, with which it is often used before the word, also can mean "this." It works better as "here," which is how Jesus usually uses it, but it can also mean "there." It often comes after the noun, emphasizing it, "this thing here".
your -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
seat; -- (CW) "Seat" is translated from a Greek word that means "place", "position" and "topic". This is a fairly uncommon word for Christ to use. This is not the word usually translated as "seat”.
missing "And " -- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and” but it also is used to add emphasis.
Then -- The word "then" means "at this time" or "then".
with missing "with" -- (MW) The untranslated word "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of". It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.
humiliated-- (WF) "Humiliated" used by Jesus uniquely here. It means "shame", "dishonor", and "sense of shame". Since the previous verses reference "honor" "dishonor" works best. This is not a participle, a verbal adjective, but a noun.
you -- This is from the second-person, singular form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
have-- (WW) "Ye will" is from a verb in the form of an adjective that means "to be first", "to begin" and "to make a beginning", "to rule", "to govern" and "to command". Jesus often uses it to say "you will be the first" in a negative sense of claiming a superior position. The two meanings, "to start" and "to command" create different meanings when paired with the following verbs. The form is someone acting on themselves, so "be the first for yourself" or "start yourself" This word doesn't mean "have”.
to - This "to" is added to create the infinitive form of the following verb.
take - (WW) "Take" is from a verb that means to "hold fast", "hold back", "withhold", "inhibit", "gain possession of", "be master of", and"possess, occupy". It is not the common word translated as "keep", which is usually translated as "to have". This is a more complex form of that word meaning "keep under" but it has a number of specific uses. This word doesn't mean "and”.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the" which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
least important.-- "Last" is from an adjective that, in space, this means "furthest". In degree, it means "uttermost" and "highest." In persons, it means "lowest" and "meanest". Of time, it means "last" and "ending". If the context is the previous verse, it can refer to distance or people so it means "furthest" or "meanest". However, clearly, its use is intended for a double meaning, meaning both. KJV English has a double meaning as well, but it is not quite the same.
place.. -- "Place" is translated from a Greek word that means "place", "position" and "topic", This is a fairly uncommon word for Christ to use.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and", or "also". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also", and "just".
ἐλθὼν [198 verses] (part sg aor act masc nom) "Come" is erchomai, which means "to start", "to set out", "to come”, "to go" and any kind of motion. It means both "to go" on a journey and "to arrive" at a place.
ὁ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "He that" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
σε: [48 verses](pron 2nd sg acc) "You" is from se the accusative (direct objective) form of the second-person, singular pronoun. As an object of a preposition, it indicates movement or the result of movement. --
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "also". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
αὐτὸν [124 verses](pron/adj sg masc acc) "Him" is auton, is the masculine, accusative case of the third-person, singular adjective that is used as a pronoun. Masculine pronouns can refer to things as well as people, so it can be it. The word also means "the same" and "of one's own accord". An accusative object of a preposition indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Event may show the amount of time. However, masculine pronouns refer to masculine nouns, not just masculine people so this word can mean "it" as well as "he”. As a preposition's object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Events may show the amount of time.
καλέσας [38 verses](part sg aor act masc nom) "Bade" is kaleo, which means "call", "summon", "invite", "invoke", "call by name" and "demand". "Shall be called" is kaleo, which means "call", "summon", "invite", "invoke", "call by name" and "demand".
ἐρεῖ [162 verses] (verb 3rd sg fut ind act ) "Says" is eipon, which means "to speak", "to say", "to recite", "to address", "to mention", "to name", "to proclaim", "to plead", "to promise" and "to offer". This is the second most common word Jesus uses for this idea. The other word is used more for discussion. Perhaps translating it consistently as "tell" would work.
σοὶ [81 verses](pron 2nd sg dat) "Thee" is soi which is the singular, second-person pronoun, "you," in the form of an indirect pronoun.
Δὸς [147 verses](verb 2nd sg aor imperat act) "Give" is didomi, which means "to give", "to grant", "to hand over", "appoint", "establish" and "to describe".
τούτῳ[154 verses] (adj sg masc dat ) "This man" is toutos, (touto, toutou)which means "from here", "from there", "this [thing] there" or "that [person] here". In the neuter plural form, it is often used as the object of the verb to means "these things."
τόπον, [16 verses](noun sg masc acc) "Place" " is from topos, which means "place", "region", "position", "part [of the body]", "district", "room" and "topic". It is also a metaphor for "opening", "occasion" and "opportunity".
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "also". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
τότε [53 verses](adv) "Then" is tote, which means "at that time", "when" and "then". -
ἄρξῃ [14 verses] (verb 2nd sg fut ind mid) "Thou begin" is from archomai, which is a form of archô, which means "to be first", "to begin", "to make a beginning", "to rule", "to govern" and "to command".
μετὰ [103 verses](prep) "With" is meta, which means "with", "in the midst of", "among", "between", "in common", "along with", "by the aid of", "in one's dealings with", "into the middle of", "coming into", "in pursuit of", "after", "behind", "according to", "after", "behind" and "next afterward". With genitive, it means generally, "with", "together with", "in the midst of", "among", "between", "in common", "along with", "by the aid of" and "in conjunction with". With genitive, with pl. Nouns "in the midst of", "among", "between", " in common", "along with", of things, "in conjunction with". rarely of Time, "during". With dative, "between", "among", "in company with", with a number "complete" and "over and above". Generally, "among", "between", with both indirect (dative) and direct (accusative) object. With direct objects: of motion, "into the middle of", "coming into or among", esp. where a number of persons is implied, in pursuit or quest of, of persons, "to go after", "in quest of", of sequence or succession, of Place, "after", "behind", "on the far side of", of Time, "after", "next to", in order of Worth, Rank, etc., "next after", "following", "to be inferior to". As a prefix, it means "of community", "in common with another", "in the midst of", "succession of time", "pursuit", "letting go", "after, behind" and "reversely”.
αἰσχύνης [1 verse](noun sg fem gen ) "Shame" is aischyne, which means "shame", "dishonor" and "sense of shame".
τὸν [821 verses](article sg masc acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
ἔσχατον [21 verses](adj sg masc acc) "lowest" is eschatos. In space, this means "furthest". In degree, it means "uttermost" and "highest”. In persons, it means "lowest" and "meanest". Of time, it means "last" and "ending".
τόπον [16 verses](noun sg masc acc) "Room" is from topos, which means "place", "region", "position", "part [of the body]", "district", "room" and "topic". It is also a metaphor for "opening", "occasion" and "opportunity".
κατέχειν. [2 verses](verb pres inf act) "To take" is from katecho, which means to "hold fast", "hold back", "withhold", "inhibit", "gain possession of", "be master of", "possess, occupy", "follow close upon", "press hard", "control oneself", "keep back for oneself", and "embezzle".