After the analogies of the lost sheep and lost coin, Jesus continues the analogy of the prodigal son.
Luke 15:31 And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine.
Luke 15:31 “ ‘My son,’ the father said, ‘you are always with me, and everything I have is yours.
That one, however, said to him, "Child, you yourself are at all time with me and all these things of mine are your own.
The English translation misses the emphasis on "you" here. The personal pronoun is used as the subject though it is already part of the verb. This emphasizes it like saying "you yourself”. The "thine/yours" here is also a special pronoun emphasizing it, like saying "your own”.
The father is always focused on us individually.
And(WW) he(WW) said unto him, Son, thou (MWyourself) art ever with me, and all that I have(CW) is thine(CW).
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "and" should be something more like "but”.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "he" should be something more like "the one”.
- MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "yourself" after "you" for emphasis.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "I have" is not a verb but an adjective.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "your" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
(MWbut) ‘My(IW) son,’ the father(IW) said (MWhim), ‘you (MWyourself are always with me, and everything (MWthat) I have(CW) is yours(CW).
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "my" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "but" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "father" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "to him" after "said" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "yourself" after "you" for emphasis.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "that" after "everything" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "I have" is not a verb but an adjective.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "your" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
And -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "and" means "but", "yet", "however” and "on the other hand". It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better. This word doesn't mean "and”.
he -- (WW) The word translated as "he" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this”, "that”, "these”, "those") than the English "the”. See this article for more. This word doesn't mean "he”.
said - The word translated as "speak" means "to say" and "to speak”. It is one of the two most common words translated "speak”, "say" and "tell", but it has more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.
unto -- This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
him, -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person, indirect object pronoun.
Son,-- (WW) The word translated as "son" means "child" but in the most general sense of "offspring”. Jesus uses it to refer to older children of a working age. See this article more about these words for "child”.
thou -- The "you" here in the second-person pronoun in form of a singular subject. When it has no verb, the verb "is" or the previous verb is assumed. When it has a verb, the subject of the sentence is part of the verb, its explicit use repeats the idea of who is speaking, "you”. Saying "you yourself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "yourself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "you yourself”.
art -- The verb "art" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. The word also means "to exist" and where it doesn't connect to characteristics or conditions.
ever -- The word translated as "ever " means "at all times”.
with -- "With" is the Greek word that usually means "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of”. It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.
me, -- "Me" is the first-person possessive singular pronoun, "my”, "me” and "mine”. Usually follows the noun so, "of mine”.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis.
all -- The word translated as "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all”, "the whole”, "every” and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything". As an adverb, it means "in every way”, "on every side” and "altogether”.
that -- The word translated as "that" is the Greek definite article, "the”, which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this”, "that”, "these”, "those") than the English "the”. See this article for more.
I have -- (CW) "My" is the first-person adjective, not the common pronoun, used in Greek to create a possessive or as the object of a preposition. Unlike the genitive pronoun used as a possessive, its case matches its noun. Perhaps "mine own" captures its best.
is -- -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. The word also means "to exist" and where it doesn't connect to characteristics or conditions.
thine -- - (CW) This is not the common second-person possessive pronoun, but a special pronoun used to describe things that are owned. It matches the form of the word modified. It might be better translated as "your own”.
missing "but" -- (MW) The untranslated word "but" means "but”, "yet”, "however” and "on the other hand". It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
“ ‘My -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
Son,-- (WW) The word translated as "son" means "child" but in the most general sense of "offspring". Jesus uses it to refer to older children of a working age. See this article more about these words for "child”.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this”, "that”, "these”, "those") than the English "the”. See this article for more.
father -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
said - The word translated as "speak" means "to say" and "to speak”. It is one of the two most common words translated "speak”, "say" and "tell”, but it has more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.
missing "to him" -- (MW) The untranslated word "him" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person, indirect object pronoun.
You -- The "you" here in the second-person pronoun in form of a singular subject. When it has no verb, the verb "is" or the previous verb is assumed. When it has a verb, the subject of the sentence is part of the verb, its explicit use repeats the idea of who is speaking, "you”. Saying "you yourself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "yourself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "you yourself."
are -- The verb "are" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. The word also means "to exist" and where it doesn't connect to characteristics or conditions.
always -- The word translated as "always" means "at all times”.
with -- "With" is the Greek word that usually means "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of”. It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.
me, -- "Me" is the first-person possessive singular pronoun, "my", "me” and "mine". Usually follows the noun so, "of mine”.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and”, but it also is used to add emphasis.
everything -- The word translated as "everything" is the Greek adjective meaning "all”, "the whole”, "every" and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything”. As an adverb, it means "in every way", "on every side” and "altogether”.
missing "that " -- (MW) The untranslated word "that" is the Greek definite article, "the”, which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this”, "that”, "these”, "those") than the English "the". See this article for more.
I have -- (CW) "My" is the first-person adjective, not the common pronoun, used in Greek to create a possessive or as the object of a preposition. Unlike the genitive pronoun used as a possessive, its case matches its noun. Perhaps "mine own" captures its best.
is -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. The word also means "to exist" and where it doesn't connect to characteristics or conditions.
yours -- - (CW) This is not the common second-person possessive pronoun, but a special pronoun used to describe things that are owned. It matches the form of the word modified. It might be better translated as "your own”.
ὁ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "He" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones”.
δὲ [446 verses](conj) "But" is de which means "but”, "yet”, "however” and "on the other hand". It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be an explanation of an indirect cause ("so") and a condition ("if"). In an "if" (εἰ) clause or temporal "when" (ὅταν) clause the sense is "if/when... then”. In a series begun by men, it means "on the other hand". In a listing, the sense is "then" or "yet". After an interruption, "so then”. It can also be an explanation of cause ("so") and a condition ("if"). When used with a conditional starting a clause, the sense is "if/when...then”. When used with a particle meaning "indeed" the sense is "on one hand...on the other hand". In a listing, the sense is "then" or "yet”. After an interruption, "so then”.
εἶπεν [162 verses] (verb 3rd sg aor ind act) "I have called" is eipon, which means "to speak", "to say”, "to recite", "to address”, "to mention”, "to name", "to proclaim”, "to plead”, "to promise” and "to offer”. This is the second most common word Jesus uses for this idea. The other word is used more for discussion. Perhaps translating it consistently as "tell" would work.
αὐτῷ [106 verses](pron/adj sg masc/neut dat) "Him" is auto, the dative case of the third-person, singular adjective that is used as a pronoun. The word also means "the same”, "one's true self” and "the soul", as opposed to the body. It also means "of one's own accord”. The form is the third person, plural as an indirect object of the verb or the object of a preposition. When used as a noun, it is preceded by a definite article, and it means "the same”. A dative object of a preposition implies no movement but in a fixed position. With the "to be", it acts as a possessive, "his”.
Τέκνον, [25 verses](noun sg neut voc) "Child" is teknon (techion), which means "that which is born", "child” and "the young”.
σὺ [36 verses](pron 2nd sg nom) "Thee/you" is su , which means "you" in the second-person pronoun in form of a singular subject.
πάντοτε [8 verses](adverb) "Always" is from pantote, which means "always", and "at all time”. It literally means "all then", from pas (all) and tote (then)-- The word translated as "always" means "at all times{.
μετ᾽ [103 verses](prep) "With" is meta, which means "with”, "in the midst of”, "among”, "between”, "in common”, "along with”, "by the aid of”, "in one's dealings with”, "into the middle of”, "coming into", "in pursuit of", "after”, "behind”, "according to”, "after”, "behind” and "next afterward”. With genitive, it means generally, "with”, "together with”, "in the midst of”, "among”, "between”, "in common”, "along with”, "by the aid of” and "in conjunction with”. With genitive, with pl. Nouns "in the midst of”, "among”, "between”, " in common", "along with", of things, "in conjunction with”, rarely of Time, "during “. With dative, "between", "among”, "in company with", with a number "complete” and "over and above”. Generally, "among”, "between”, with both indirect (dative) and direct (accusative) object. With direct objects: of motion, "into the middle of”, "coming into or among”, esp. where a number of persons is implied, in pursuit or quest of, of persons, "to go after", "in quest of”, of sequence or succession, of Place, "after”, "behind”, "on the far side of”, of Time, "after”, "next to”, in order of Worth, Rank, etc., "next after”, "following”, "to be inferior to”, As a prefix, it means "of community”, "in common with another”, "in the midst of”, "succession of time", "pursuit”, "letting go”, "after, behind" and "reversely”.
ἐμοῦ 239 verses](noun sg masc gen) "Me" iis from mou (emou), which means "me" and "mine”. It is in a possessive (genitive) form. As a genitive of a preposition here, it implies movement away from something or a position away from something else.
εἶ, [614 verses] (verb 2nd sg pres ind act) "Art" is eimi, which means "to be", "to exist", "to be the case”, of circumstance and events "to happen” and "is possible”. With the possessive (genitive) object, it means "is descended from", "is the type of”, "belongs to”, "is made of”, "is a duty of”, "is at the mercy of” or "is dependent on”. With an indirect (dative) object, it means "have" where the subject and object are reversed. "It is to him" becomes "it is his" or "he has it." With the preposition,"into" (εἰς), the sense is "consist of". When the verb "to be" appears early in the clause before the subject, the sense is more like "it is" or, in the plural, "there are”.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "also”. After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also”. Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just”.
πάντα [212 verses] (adj pl neut nom) "All" is pas, which means "all”, "the whole”, "every”, "anyone”, "all kinds”, and "anything”. In the adverbial form, it means "every way”, "on every side”, "in every way" and "altogether”.
τὰ [821 verses](article pl neut acc/nom) "That" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones”.
ἐμὰ [28 verses](adj pl neut nom/acc) ) "I have" is emos, which means "mine”, "of me", "my”, "relating to me" and "against me”. The form can also be the object of a preposition, "me”.
σά[8 verses] (adj pl neut nom) "Thine" is sos, which means "thy”, "thine", "of thee" or "to thee”.
ἐστίν [614 verses] (3rd sg pres ind act) "Is" is eimi, which means "to be”, "to exist”, "to be the case”, of circumstance and events "to happen”. and "is possible”. With the possessive (genitive) object, it means "is descended from”, "is the type of”, "belongs to”, "is made of”, "is a duty of”, "is at the mercy of" or " is dependent on”. With an indirect (dative) object, it means "have" where the subject and object are reversed. "It is to him" becomes "it is his" or "he has it”. With the preposition,"into" (εἰς), the sense is "consist of”. When the verb "to be" appears early in the clause before the subject, the sense is more like "it is" or, in the plural, "there are”.
I again can't help but notices that this older son here is something of an analogy for Jesus. The younger brother who screws up are humans. Does that make humanity the "fallen" angels?