Jesus is surrounded by sinners and criticized by the Pharisees for it. He has described himself as the good shepherd and started the parable of the lost sheep.
Luke 15:5 And when he hath found it, he layeth it on his shoulders, rejoicing.
Luke 15:5 And when he finds it, he joyfully puts it on his shoulders
And discovering it, he lays it on his shoulders, celebrating.
The word translated as "find/found" also means "to get" and "to gain”. While "find" works, the sense is more "discover". It is more positive than "find”.
[And when(IP2)] he hath(WT) found(WF) it, he layeth it on his (MWthese) shoulders, rejoicing.
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "when he" doesn't exist in the source. This is counted as 2 translation issues, not 1.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present, or future).
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "finding”.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "these/those/the" " before "shoulders" is not shown in the English translation.
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "when he" doesn't exist in the source. This is counted as 2 translation issues, not 1.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "finding”.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an adverb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "rejoicing”.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "these/those/the" " before "shoulders" is not shown in the English translation.
And -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and”, but it also is used to add emphasis.
when he -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
hath-- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.
found -- (WF) The term used for "found" is the source of our word, "heuristic", meaning enabling a person to find out something for themselves. It means "find out" and "discover". This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "finding”.
it -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
layeth -- "He layeth" is from another uncommon Greek word for Christ that means "to lay", "to put", "to impose,”, and "to place upon”. Christ commonly uses its root form that also means "to put" but this version has a prefix emphasizing the idea of the being putting "upon" or "against" something.
it -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
on -- The word translated as "unto" means "on”, "over”, "upon”, "for”, "against”, "before", "after”, "during", "by", "in the case of”.
his -- The word translated as "his" is the Greek word correctly translated as third-person "his/him" in English. The word appears after the noun so the sense is "of his”. - In its adverbial form, this means "just here" or "exactly there”.
missing "these/those/the"missing -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the”, which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this”, "that”, "these” and "those"). See this article for more.
shoulders, - The Greek word "shoulders" means the "shoulder and upper arm" together, but it is used more generally like the word "shoulder" in English.
rejoicing. -- The Greek verb translated as "rejoice" means "rejoice”, "take pleasure in” and "welcome”. The thing "taken pleasure in" is an indirect object. It is a verbal adjective, "rejoicing”.
And -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and”, but it also is used to add emphasis.
when he -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
finds -- (WF) The term used for "finds" is the source of our word, "heuristic”, meaning enabling a person to find out something for themselves. It means "find out" and "discover". This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "finding”.
it -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
joyfully -- (CW, WF)The Greek verb translated as "joyfully " means "rejoice", "take pleasure in” and "welcome”. The thing "taken pleasure in" is an indirect object. It is a verbal adjective, "rejoicing" not an adverb. This is not the word usually translated as "joy" but is from the same root.
puts -- "Puts" is from another uncommon Greek word for Christ that means "to lay”, "to put”, "to impose” and "to place upon". Christ commonly uses its root form that also means "to put" but this version has a prefix emphasizing the idea of the being putting "upon" or "against" something.
it -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
on -- The word translated as "unto" means "on", "over”, "upon”, "for”, "against”, "before”, "after”, "during”, "by" "in the case of”.
his -- The word translated as "his" is the Greek word correctly translated as third-person "his/him" in English. The word appears after the noun so the sense is "of his”. - In its adverbial form, this means "just here" or "exactly there”.
missing "these/those/the"missing -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the”, which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this”,"that”, "these” and "those"). See this article for more.
shoulders, - The Greek word "shoulders" means the "shoulder and upper arm" together, but it is used more generally like the word "shoulder" in English.
[And when(IP2)] he finds(WF) it, he joyfully(WF) puts it on his (MWthese) shoulders
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and” or "also”. After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also”. Also used to give emphasis, "even”, "also” and "just”.
εὑρὼν [43 verses](part sg aor act masc nom) "He hath found" is heurisko, which means "to find”, "to find out", "to discover”, "to devise”, "to invent”, "to get" and "to gain”.
ἐπιτίθησιν [4 verses]](verb 3rd sg pres ind act) "He layeth" is epitithemi, which means "to lay”, "to put”, "to place upon”, "to set upon”, "to put on” and "to dispatch”.
ἐπὶ [138 verses](prep) "On" is from epi, which means "on”, "upon”, "at”, "by”, "before”, "across", "for” and "against”. With a noun in the possessive, genitive, it means "upon”, "on" but not necessarily of Place, "by (of persons)”, "deep (with numbers)”, "in the presence of”, "towards”, "in the time of” and "over (referring to a person of authority)”. With a noun indirect object, dative, it means of place: "upon”, "on”, or "over”, of people: "against (in a hostile sense)”, regarding a situation: "towards" or "in reference to”, of an accumulation: "upon”, "after”, "addition to” and "besides”, of position: "after”, "behind”, "in dependence upon” and "in the power of”, of time: "by” and "after”, and in a causal sense: "of the occasion or cause”, "for" a person, an end, or purpose," "on condition that” and "for" (a price). With the objective noun, an accusative, it means of place: "upon or on to a height”, "up to”, "as far as”, "a little way”, "a little”, "towards", "to” in hostile sense: "against”, of extension: "over”, "over (a space)”, of time: "for”, "during”, "up to” or "till” in a causal sense: "of (the object)”, for (this purpose)”, "as regards", "according to” and "by (this cause)”. With verbs of perceiving, observing, and judging, it means "in the case of”.
τοὺς [821 verses](article pl masc acc) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones”.
ὤμους [2 verses] (noun pl masc acc) "Shoulders" is homos, which means "the shoulder with the upper arm”, "the shoulder”, "the parts below the top or head of any thing”, esp. of the fork of a vine, and "the womb”.
αὐτοῦ [142 verses](adv/adj sg masc gen) "His" is autou, which means is the singular adjective used as the genitive pronoun, which is used as a possessive form or the object of prepositions and sometimes verbs as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord”. This is also an adverb that means "just here" or "exactly there”. When his form is used as the object of a preposition, it means "him”, and means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. The time sense of a genitive object is that the event occurred within a specified time. Though the form is masculine, it refers to masculine words, not people. The masculine form is used to refer to people in general, not just men.
χαίρων, [14 verses](part sg pres act masc nom) "Rejoicing"is chairo which means "rejoice", "take pleasure in”, and "welcome”.
Though on a completely different topic, he uses the same two rare words to described "laying on shoulders" in Matthew 23:4 . Though a much more detailed statement on the same topic, Matthew 18:13 uses the same word for "rejoicing".