Jesus tells a parable of the vine-dressers to the crowd.
Luke 20:15 So they cast him out of the vineyard, and killed him. What therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do unto them?
Luke 20:15 So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. “What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them?
And tossing him out, outside of the vineyard, they destroyed him. What then should he do to them, that lord of the vineyard?
This verse starts with an "and" not a word meaning "so." "Cast out" is a verb that means "throw out." Depending on the context, it can mean "toss out," "turn out," or "take out." The "out" is from the prefix. See this article for more detail. It is in the form on a participle, "tossing out."
There is a second word here that means "outside" from a very different Greek root that isn't translated so Jesus repeats the concept for emphasis.
The true outsiders want toss others out.
So(WW) they cast(WF) him out (MW) of the vineyard, and(IW) killed him. What therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do unto them?
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "and" should be something more like "but."
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "casting."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "outside" after "out" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "and" doesn't exist in the source.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "and" should be something more like "but."
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "casting."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "outside" after "out" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "and" doesn't exist in the source.
So -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "so" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). This word doesn't mean "and."
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
cast -- (WF) "Cast " is a verb that means "throw out." Depending on the context, it can mean "toss out", "turn out," or "take out." It is usually translated as "cast out" in the NT. It contains the prefix meaning "out". It is in the form of an adjective, not an active verb, "tossing out". This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "casting."
him -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.
out -- This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
missing "outside" -- (MW) The untranslated word The word translated as "out" means "out of a place" and "outside." This word already exists in the prefix of the verb so it is repeated in this verse for verbal or humorous emphasis.
of -- This word "of" comes from the possessive form (genitive case) of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
vineyard -- "Vineyard" is the Greek word that means "vineyard." The "of the" comes from the form of the word and the article before it.
and -- (IW) These is no "and" here. It is added because the previous participle was changed from an adjective form to an active verb in translation.
killed -- "Killed" is translated from a Greek word that means "destroy" more than just "kill" because the base word means "slay." The Greek source has the sense of "kill off," that is, destroy in a more thorough way.
him -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
What -- The word translated as "what" means primarily "anything" or "anyone," but Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who", "what", or even "why".
therefore -- The Greek word translated as "therefore" either emphasizes the truth of something ("certainly", "really") or it simply continues an existing narrative.
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense or a form that indicates possibility at some time. A "might" or "should" could work here or nothing at all in an "if/when/whoever" clause which implies a possibility. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
do -- The Greek word translated as "do" has the primary meaning of "making" or producing" something or "causing" or "performing" as service. The form could either be the future tense or a mood indicating something that might happen. The sense is either "what will he do" or "what should he do" depending on the tone of voice.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
lord -- The word translated as "lord" is the same word that is often translated as "Lord" or "the Lord" in the NT. It also means "lord", "master of the house," and "head of the family." It is the specific terms for the master of slaves or servants, but it was a common term of respect both for those in authority and who were honored. It was the term people used to address Christ, even though he had no formal authority. Today, we would say "boss" or "chief".
of -- This word "of" comes from the possessive form (genitive case) of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
vineyard -- "Vineyard" is the Greek word that means "vineyard." The "of the" comes from the form of the word and the article before it.
unto - This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
them -- The word translated as "unto them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The "unto" comes from the form as an indirect object.
So -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "so" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). This word doesn't mean "and."
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
threw -- (WF) "Cast " is a verb that means "throw out." Depending on the context, it can mean "toss out", "turn out," or "take out." It is usually translated as "cast out" in the NT. It contains the prefix meaning "out". It is in the form of an adjective, not an active verb, "tossing out". This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "casting."
him -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.
out -- The word translated as "out" means "out of a place" and "outside." This word already exists in the prefix of the verb so it is repeated in this verse for verbal or humorous emphasis.
missing "outside" -- (MW) The untranslated word The word translated as "out" means "out of a place" and "outside." This word already exists in the prefix of the verb so it is repeated in this verse for verbal or humorous emphasis.
of -- This word "of" comes from the possessive form (genitive case) of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
vineyard -- "Vineyard" is the Greek word that means "vineyard." The "of the" comes from the form of the word and the article before it.
and -- (IW) These is no "and" here. It is added because the previous participle was changed from an adjective form to an active verb in translation.
killed -- "Killed" is translated from a Greek word that means "destroy" more than just "kill" because the base word means "slay." The Greek source has the sense of "kill off," that is, destroy in a more thorough way.
him -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
What -- The word translated as "what" means primarily "anything" or "anyone," but Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who", "what", or even "why".
then -- The Greek word translated as "then " either emphasizes the truth of something ("certainly", "really") or it simply continues an existing narrative.
will -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense or a form that indicates possibility at some time. A "might" or "should" could work here or nothing at all in an "if/when/whoever" clause which implies a possibility. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
do -- The Greek word translated as "do" has the primary meaning of "making" or producing" something or "causing" or "performing" as service. The form could either be the future tense or a mood indicating something that might happen. The sense is either "what will he do" or "what should he do" depending on the tone of voice.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
lord -- The word translated as "lord" is the same word that is often translated as "Lord" or "the Lord" in the NT. It also means "lord", "master of the house," and "head of the family." It is the specific terms for the master of slaves or servants, but it was a common term of respect both for those in authority and who were honored. It was the term people used to address Christ, even though he had no formal authority. Today, we would say "boss" or "chief".
of -- This word "of" comes from the possessive form (genitive case) of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
vineyard -- "Vineyard" is the Greek word that means "vineyard." The "of the" comes from the form of the word and the article before it.
unto - This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
them -- The word translated as "unto them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The "unto" comes from the form as an indirect object.
καὶ (conj/adv) "So" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."
ἐκβαλόντες ( part pl aor act masc nom ) "The caste" is ekballo and means "throw out", "cast out of a place,"and "expose." Ek means "out of", "from," and "away from." Ballo is "to throw" or "to scatter." --
αὐτὸν (adj sg masc acc) "Him" is autos, which means "the same," and the reflexive pronouns, "myself", "yourself", "himself", "herself", "itself," or the oblique case of the pronouns, "him", "her," and "it." It also means "one's true self," that is, "the soul" as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord." In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there."
ἔξω (adv) "Out" is exo, which means "out of a place", "outside", "external things," and "beyond a time."
τοῦ [821 verses](article sg masc gen) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
ἀμπελῶνος (noun sg masc gen) "Of the vineyard" is ampelon which means simply "vineyard."
ἀπέκτειναν. ( verb 3rd pl aor ind act ) "Killed" is apokteino, which means "to kill," and "to slay." It combines the word for "to slay" (kteino) with the proposition, apo, indicating separation, meaning "from" or "away from."but it is a stronger form than the normal verb kteino. It is more like our "destroy." It is in the form of a present participle, "destroying" acting as a noun ("those destroying"). --
τί ( irreg sg neut nom ) "What" is tis which can mean "someone", "any one", "everyone", "they [indefinite]", "many a one", "whoever", "anyone", "anything", "some sort", "some sort of", "each", "any", "the individual", "such," and so on. In a question, it can mean "who", "why," or "what."
οὖν (adv) "Therefore" is oun, which means "certainly", "in fact", "really", "in fact," "so" and "then" (continuing a narrative), and "then" and "therefore."
ποιήσει ( verb 3rd sg aor subj act or verb 3rd sg fut ind act) "Shall...do" is poieo, which means "to make", "to produce", "to create", "to bring into existence", "to bring about", "to cause", "to perform", "to render", "to consider", "to prepare", "to make ready," and "to do."
αὐτοῖς (adj pl masc dat) "Them" is autos, which means "the same," and the reflexive pronouns, "myself", "yourself", "himself", "herself", "itself," or the oblique case of the pronouns, "him", "her," and "it." It also means "one's true self," that is, "the soul" as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord." In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there." --
ὁ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
κύριος (noun sg masc nom) "The lord" is kyrios (kurios), which means "having power", "being in authority" and "being in possession of." It also means "lord", "master of the house," and "head of the family." --
τοῦ [821 verses](article sg masc gen) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
ἀμπελῶνος; (noun sg masc gen) "Vineyard" is ampelon which means simply "vineyard."