And -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". After words implying sameness "as".

they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.

shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

fall -- "Fall" is translated from a Greek word that means "to fall" and "to fall down". It is the root word for dozens of Greek terms involving moving from a higher state to a lower one. Like our word "to fall" it has a number of special meanings including "to fall into a given class", "to prostrate", "to fall from power", "to perish" and so on.

by -- This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with", "in", "of", "as", "by", "for", "at" or "on" depending on the context.

the -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.

edge -- The Greek word translated as "edge" means "mouth" and therefore, "speech" or "utterance". However, it also means the "face" or "front" of something. With a weapon, it means "point" or "edge", which is very poetic, in a bloody kind of way. The image is of the weapon eating the flesh or drinking its blood. There is no "the" here. The "by" comes from the form of the word, which it usually an indirect object but has a number of other uses. Here it describes an instrument.

of -- This word "of"  comes from the possessive form (genitive case) of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession.

the -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.

sword -- Next, the term for "sword" means a short sword, a weapon much more like a machete, since the Greek is the source for the English word "machete", via Spanish. It specifically the type of weapon used for making sacrifices, by assassins, bodyguards, and jugglers. Jugglers is particularly interesting because of the word "toss".

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also",  This is the second use so the sense is "but also".

shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. 

led away captive -- (PP) The Greek  words meaning "taken captive" here are not translated but instead their assumed meaning is paraphrased into different words."Led away captive" is the unique word in this verse. It is also a very long word, which means to "take prisoner". It is so long because it is built up, starting with the simple verb for "take", which when lengthened, becomes the verb "capture", which when lengthened again become the noun "captive", which, when lengthened into a verb again becomes "take prisoner". Was this humorous? Perhaps.

into -- The word translated as "into" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure.

all -- The word translated as "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all", "the whole", "every" and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything".

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. 

nations -- The word translated as "nations" means "a group of people living together", "a nation", "a tribe" or a cast of people. Later it came to mean "barbarous nations" similar to our idea of ethnic people. I translated it as "other ethnic groups" or "other ethnic areas".

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

Jerusalem -- The word "Jerusalem" denotes the city or its inhabitants. Two different forms of this word appear in the NT.  This version is used most heavily in Luke, mostly in his narration, but a few times in Christ's words. It seems to be the more formally Greek version of the name.

shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

be -- The verb "be" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. It is not usually used as a "helper" verb like English "to be" is. To create a future form of a verb, Greek just adds the appropriate ending. So the use of it is to say something more complicated than a simple future tense,

trodden down -- "Trodden down" is an uncommon verb, which means to "tread", "walk", "dwell in", "frequent", "tread under foot" and "trample on". The form is also uncommon, a middle passive adjective. The sense is "being trampled down by itself", which is the form of an adjective.

of -- (CW)The word translated as "of" primarily means "by", "under" or "with". Its primary meaning is "under" both in the sense of moving under, being under, and being under different forms of compulsion.  This is not a possessive form as translated, nor does it mean "by" in the sense of the ones doing the trampling. It merely indicates the position.This word doesn't mean "of".

the -- There is no Greek article "those" here in the source, but the noun is plural and in English, a definite article "the/this/that/these/those" is used before plural nouns in phrases like this.

Gentiles -- (CW) The word translated as "Gentiles" here is the same word translated as "nations" above. Its primary meaning is "a group of people living together," "a nation", "a tribe", or "a cast of people". Later it came to mean "barbarous nations" similar to our idea of ethnic people. This translation is inconsistent translating the "Gentiles" here as "nations" earlier in the verse here.

until -- (CW) "Until" is from another uncommon word that means "until", but unlike the more common word for "until", it also has the sense of "continually until". This is not the word usually translated as "until".

missing "this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word  "this" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this", "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that"), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.  It is the object of the "until" so "until this".

the -- There is no Greek article "those" here in the source, but the noun is plural and in English, a definite article "the/this/that/these/those" is used before plural nouns in phrases like this.

times -- "Times" is a noun that means "due measure", "season", "opportunity", "time" and "profit". I like "opportunities" here. This is not the common word to indicate a period of time. Jesus uses "days" for that idea. This begins the phrase that ends the verse as a punch line. In the Greek, a lot more comes before it.

of -- (CW)The word translated as "of" primarily means "by", "under" or "with". Its primary meaning is "under" both in the sense of moving under, being under, and being under different forms of compulsion. This is not a possessive form as translated, nor does it mean "by" in the sense of the ones doing the trampling. It merely indicates the position.This word doesn't mean "of".  

the -- There is no Greek article "those" here in the source, but the noun is plural and in English, a definite article "the/this/that/these/those" is used before plural nouns in phrases like this.

Gentiles -- (CW) The word translated as "Gentiles" here is the same word translated as "nations" above. Its primary meaning is "a group of people living together," "a nation", "a tribe" or "a cast of people". Later it came to mean "barbarous nations" similar to our idea of ethnic people. This translation is inconsistent translating the "Gentiles" here as "nations" earlier in the verse.

be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

fulfilled  -- "Fulfilled" is a verb that means "to fill", "to fulfill" and "to fill full".  The form is not the future. The tense indicates something happening at some point in time. The form is "They are fulfilled". Since the verb comes far before the possible subject, the "they" is needed. This verb comes after the untranslated "this", before the phrase above.

missing "and shall be"  -- (MP) The Greek word used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").  The next verb is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. The form is the future. When the verb "to be" appears early in the sentence before the subject, the sense is more like "it is" or, in the plural, "there shall be".