Last Supper after referring to the time he told them not to take money and stuff and they lacked nothing.
Luke 22:36 But now, he that hath a purse, let him take it, and likewise his scrip: and he that hath no sword, let him sell his garment, and buy one.
Luke 22:36 He said to them, “But now if you have a purse, take it, and also a bag; and if you don’t have a sword, sell your cloak and buy one.
Now instead the one having a bag, he must take it up, Likewise, also a food pouch. And the one not having, he must exchange that cloak of his and he must buy a short sword.
The KJV stays close to the Greek, but the NIV translates this verse in the second-person as if it was addressed to the apostles. It wasn't it was in the third--person, meant more broadly.
The punchline here is the word translated as "sword", more accurately, a "short sword". It is the final word. The "hath no" or "not having" could refer to the sword, but those listening would have heard them as describing those that don't have food or money. The sense is that those not having money and food to flee should get a sword. This meaning is completely lost here.
Having food and money during a crisis is better than simply being armed.
But(CW) now, he(CW) that(IW) hath(WF) a purse, let(CW) him(WF) take(CW) it, and likewise his(IW) scrip: and he(CW) that(IW) hath no sword, let(CW) him(WF) sell his (MW) garment(CW), and buy one.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "but" is not the common word usually translated as "but" and works differently.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "he".
- IW - Inserted Word -- The "that" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having".
- CW --Confusing Word -- The verb "let" is not addressed to someone, it is a third-person command.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is the subject, "he", not an object, "him".
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not one of the common words usually translated as "take".
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "his" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "he".
- IW - Inserted Word -- The "that" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having".
- CW --Confusing Word -- The verb "let" is not addressed to someone, it is a third-person command.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is the subject, "he", not an object, "him".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "garment" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "garment" does not capture the word's specific meaning in this situation.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "but" is not the common word usually translated as "but" and works differently.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "if" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "you".
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having".
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not one of the common words usually translated as "take".
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "tell" is not a second-person command but a third-person command.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "also".
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "if" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "you".
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having".
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "sell" is not a second-person command but a third-person command.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "your" should be something more like "his".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "cloak" is not shown in the English translation.
But -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "but" denotes an exception or simple opposition. It is used to emphasize the contrast between things like we use "rather". It is the Greek word "other" like we use "otherwise".
now -- The Greek word translated as "now" means "now", "at the present moment","presently" and "as it is".
he -- (CW) The word translated as "he" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "he".
that -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than as a participle.
hath -- (WF) The word translated as "hath" means to "have", "possess", "bear", "keep close", "have means to do", "to have due to one" or "keep" and so on. It isn't an active verb, but in the form of an adjective, "having" as in "the one having".
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
purse -- The Greek word translated as "purse" here means "bag", "pouch" and "purse". This word is used in Luke 10:4, but not in similar verses in Matthew. It doesn't mean a money purse specifically, but any kind of bag. Though Matthew 10:9 has the word "purse" in English translation, the Greek word in that verb means "belt", which is where money was put during the era.
let -- (CW) This "let" is the helping verb used to translate the Greek form of the third-person command. In English all commands are in the second person. This form is used as something like our word "must". Using "let" as the active verb, rather than a helper verb like "must", changes the subject from the third party to the second.
him -- (WF) This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb. This is the subject, not an object.
take -- (CW) "Let him take" is one of Christ's favorite "multiple meaning" words. It is a verb that means "to raise up", "elevate", "to bear", "to carry off", "to take and apply to any use" and "to cause to cease". The sense here is "take up", but the form is a third-person command, a form we don't have in English. The sense is "he must take up". This is not one of the common words usually translated as "take". This is not a second-person command but a third-person command.
it -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). However, this "and" appears after the following adverb "likewise", not before.
likewise -- The word translated as "likewise" is an adjective that means "like", "resembling" and "matching". As an adverb, the form here, it means "likewise", "similarly" and so on.
his -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
scrip -- "Scrip" is translated from a Greek word specifically meaning a leather pouch to carry food or provisions for traveling. We might call this a knapsack or provisions bag.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). However, this "and" appears after the following adverb "likewise", not before.
he -- (CW) The word translated as "he" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "he".
that -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than as a participle.
hath -- (CW) The word translated as "hath" means to "have", "possess", "bear", "keep close", "have means to do", "to have due to one" or "keep" and so on. It isn't an active verb, but in the form of an adjective, "having" as in "the one having". This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having".
no -- The negative "no" used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" to do something, not that it isn't done or don't think something that might be true. It doesn't come before "sword", which actually appears at the end of the sentence. It comes before "having", so the sense is "the one not wanting to have".
sword -- The word "sword" is the last word in the verse. Its punchline. Listeners would expect it here but they are intentionally frustrated so it can be a surprise at the end of the verse. The term for "sword" specifically means a short sword, a weapon like a machete, since the Greek word used here is the source for the word "machete". Jesus seems to use "the sword" as a symbol for struggle, which is n necessary. Christ says explicitly that his larger purpose is not to bring peace but the sword in Matthew 10:34.
let -- (CW) This "let" is the helping verb used to translate the Greek form of the third-person command. In English all commands are in the second person. This form is used as something like our word "must". Using "let" as the active verb, rather than a helper verb like "must," changes the subject from the third party to the second.
him -- (WF) This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb. This is the subject, not an object.
sell -- "Sell" is a word that means "to sell" and "to exchange". When this word is applied to people (as it is metaphorically here), it means "to betray" or "to give up".
his -- The word translated as "his" is the Greek word correctly translated as third-person "his/him" in English. The word appears after the noun so the sense is "of his". In its adverbial form, this means "just here" or "exactly there".
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the." which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
garment -- (CW) The word translated as "garment" means an outer garment in Roman times, "cloak", "robe", "cape" or "mantle". It was worn like we use a sweater or coat today. This quality of this garment was how people judge social status. The general word "garment" is not the specific meaning of the word in this situation.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). However, this "and" appears after the following adverb "likewise", not before.
buy -"Buy" is a verb that Jesus only uses nine times that means "to occupy a marketplace", "to buy in the market" and "to buy for oneself". Jesus always seems to use it in the sense of "buy for oneself".
one -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
But -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "but" denotes an exception or simple opposition. It is used to emphasize the contrast between things like we use "rather". It is the Greek word "other" like we use "otherwise".
now -- The Greek word translated as "now" means "now", "at the present moment", "presently" and "as it is."
if -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
you -- (CW) The word translated as "you" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "you".
have -- (WF) The word translated as "have" means to "have", "possess", "bear", "keep close", "have means to do", "to have due to one" or "keep" and so on. It isn't an active verb, but in the form of an adjective, "having" as in "the one having".
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
purse -- The Greek word translated as "purse" here means "bag", "pouch" and "purse". This word is used in Luke 10:4, but not in similar verses in Matthew. It doesn't mean a money purse specifically, but any kind of bag. Though Matthew 10:9 has the word "purse" in English translation, the Greek word in that verb means "belt", which is where money was put during the era.
take -- (CW, WF) "Let him take" is one of Christ's favorite "multiple meaning" words. It is a verb that means "to raise up", "elevate", "to bear", "to carry off", "to take and apply to any use" and "to cause to cease". The sense here is "take up", but the form is a third-person command, a form we don't have in English. The sense is "he must take up". This is not one of the common words usually translated as "take". This is not a second-person command but a third-person command.
it -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). However, this "and" appears after the following adverb "likewise", not before.
also -- (CW) The word translated as "also " is an adjective that means "like", "resembling" and "matching". As an adverb, the form here, it means "likewise", "similarly" and so on. This is not the word usually translated as "also".
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
bag-- "Bag" is translated from a Greek word specifically meaning a leather pouch to carry food or provisions for traveling. We might call this a knapsack or provisions bag.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). However, this "and" appears after the following adverb "likewise", not before.
if -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
you -- (CW) The word translated as "you" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "you".
do- -- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English.
-n't -- The negative "not" used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" to do something, not that it isn't done or don't think something that might be true. It doesn't come before "sword", which actually appears at the end of the sentence. It comes before "having", so the sense is "the one not wanting to have".
have -- (CW)The word translated as "hath" means to "have", "possess", "bear", "keep close", "have means to do", "to have due to one" or "keep" and so on. It isn't an active verb, but in the form of an adjective, "having" as in "the one having". This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having".
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
sword -- The word "sword" is the last word in the verse. Its punchline. Listeners would expect it here but they are intentionally frustrated so it can be a surprise at the end of the verse. The term for "sword" specifically means a short sword, a weapon like a machete, since the Greek word used here is the source for the word "machete." Jesus seems to use "the sword" as a symbol for struggle, which is necessary. Christ says explicitly that his larger purpose is not to bring peace but the sword in Matthew 10:34.
sell -- - (WF) "Sell" is a word that means "to sell" and "to exchange." When this word is applied to people (as it is metaphorically here), it means "to betray" or "to give up". This is not a second-person command but a third-person command.
your -- (WW) The word translated as "your" is the Greek word correctly translated as third-person "his/him" in English. The word appears after the noun so the sense is "of his". In its adverbial form, this means "just here" or "exactly there". This word doesn't mean "your".
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
cloak --The word translated as "cloak" means an outer garment in Roman times, "cloak", "robe", "cape" or "mantle". It was worn like we use a sweater or coat today. This quality of this garment was how people judge social status. The general word "garment" is not the specific meaning of the word in this situation.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). However, this "and" appears after the following adverb "likewise", not before.
buy --"Buy" is a verb that Jesus only uses nine times that means "to occupy a marketplace", "to buy in the market" and "to buy for oneself". Jesus always seems to use it in the sense of "buy for oneself".
one -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
Ἀλλὰ (-- (CW) The Greek word translated as "but" denotes an exception or simple opposition. It is used to emphasize the contrast between things like we use "instead", "but instead" or "rather". It is not the common word usually translated as "but". It is the Greek word "other" like we use "otherwise". Jesus almost always uses this conjunction to connect a negative clause, "not this", with a positive one, "instead this".
νῦν (adv) "Now" is nyn (nun), which means "now", "at the present moment", "at the present time", "just now", "presently" and "as it is".
ὁ ( article sg masc nom ) "Him that" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
ἔχων ( part sg pres act masc nom ) "Hath" is echo, which means "to have", "to hold", "to possess", "to keep", "to have charge of", "to have due to one", "to maintain", "to hold fast", "to bear", "to carry", "to keep close", "to keep safe" and "to have means to do".
βαλλάντιον [[4 verses](noun sg neut acc) "Purse" is from ballantion, which means "bag", "pouch" and "purse".
ἀράτω, ( verb 3rd sg aor imperat act ) "Let him take" is airo, which means "to lift up", "to raise", "to raise up", "to exalt", "to lift and take away" and "to remove". In some forms, it is apaomai, which means to "pray to" or "pray for".
ὁμοίως (adv) "Like" is homoios, which means "like", "resembling", "the same", "equal in force", "a match for one", "suiting", "of the same rank", "alike", "in like manner" and "equally".
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
πήραν, (noun sg fem acc) "Scrip" is from pera, which means a "leather pouch to carry food", "a bag for traveling" or "a wallet".
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
ὁ ( article sg masc nom ) "Him that" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
μὴ (partic) "Not" is me , which is the negative used in prohibitions and expressions of doubt meaning "not" and "no." As οὐ (ou) negates fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective.
ἔχων ( part sg pres act masc nom ) "Hath" is echo, which means "to have", "to hold", "to possess", "to keep", "to have charge of", "to have due to one", "to maintain", "to hold fast", "to bear", "to carry", "to keep close", "to keep safe" and "to have means to do".
πωλησάτω ( verb 3rd sg aor imperat act ) "Let him sell" is poleo, which means "to sell", "to exchange", "to barter", "to offer to sell" and "to retail". Metaphorically, it means to "give up" and "betray". In the passive, it means "to be sold", "to be offered for sale" and, of persons, "to be bought and sold" and "betrayed'.
τὸ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
ἱμάτιον [10 verses](noun sg neut acc)"Garment" is himation, which was an oblong piece of cloth worn as an outer garment. The term generally means "clothes" and "cloth".
αὐτοῦ [142 verses](adv/adj sg masc gen) "His" is autou, which is the singular adjective used as the genitive pronoun, which is used as a possessive form or the object of prepositions and sometimes verbs as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord". In its adverbial form, this means "just here" or "exactly there". This form is often used as the object of a preposition, "him". This form of an object of a preposition means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. The time sense of a genitive object is that the event occurred within a specified time. Though the form is masculine, it refers to masculine words, not people. The masculine form is used to refer to people in general, not just men.
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
ἀγορασάτω [9 verses]( verb 3rd sg aor imperat act ) "Buy" is from agorazo, which means "to occupy a marketplace", "to buy in the market" and "to buy for oneself".
μάχαιραν. (noun sg fem acc) "Sword" is machaira, which means a "large knife", "large dagger", "short sword" or "dirk". It specifically the type of weapon used for making sacrifices, by assassins, bodyguards, and jugglers.