Luke 23:46 ...Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit:...

Spoken to
Father

AS Jesus dies.

KJV

Luke 23:46 ...Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit:...

NIV

Luke 23:46 ..Father, into your hands I commit my spirit. 

LISTENERS HEARD

Father into your hands I serve up myself, this spirit of mine.

LOST IN TRANSLATION

Except for calling upon is father, this verse is a quote of Psalms 31:5 from the Greek Septuagint. The Greek is identical both in word forms and word order. Note that during the crucifixion in Matthew, Matthew 27:46, Jesus quotes the first line of Psalm 22 in Aramaic. Those interested in Jesus's dying thoughts should read both of these Psalms.

The word translated as "commend" and "commit" means "serve up." It is in the middle voice, the subject acting on themselves, "serve up myself." 

MY TAKE

When the spirit is done, it is served up.

GREEK ORDER

 

Father   into hands  your I serve up myself, this spirit     of mine.
Πάτερ, “εἰς   χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι        τὸ   πνεῦμά     μου:

# KJV TRANSLATION ISSUES
3

...Father, into thy hands I commend(CW,WV) my (MW) spirit:...

  •  CW --Confusing Word -- "commend" is more more general  than the word's more specific meaning.
  • WV  --Wrong Voice - The "verb" in the middle voice requires the concept of "self" as its object.
  • MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "word" is not shown in the English translation. 
# NIV TRANSLATION ISSUES
2

Father, into your hands I commit(WV) my (MW) spirit. 

  • WV  --Wrong Voice - The "verb" in the middle voice requires the concept of "self" as its object.
  • MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "word" is not shown in the English translation. 
EACH WORD of KJV

...Father -- "Father" is the Greek noun that means "father" or any male ancestor so "forefathers". It is the word that Christ uses to address his own Father. 

into -- The word translated as "into" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure.

thy -- The word translated as "thy" is the possessive form of the second person pronoun.

hands -- The Greek word translated as "hands" means "the hand and forearm". It can mean both the idea of a helping hand and being in someone's control. 

I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.

commend -- (CW, WV) The Greek verb translated as "I commend" means "place beside", freq. of meals, "set before", "serve up", and generally, "provide", "furnish."  This is not the same meaning as "commend", which generally means "praise". but can also mean "entrust." This is an uncommon word for Jesus, but he is quoting scripture. The form is the first person acting on himself, "I set myself." This translation is more general  than the word's more specific meaning. This verb is not the active voice, but the middle voice where the subject acts on themselves. 

my -- My" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me".

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.

spirit-- The word translated as "spirit" primarily means "breath", "wind," a "non-material being", and "blast." Like "spirit" in English, it can also mean "attitude" or "motivation.' It also means the "breath of life," from which we get to "spirit" and "spiritual." It also means the "breath of life," from which we get to "spirit" and "spiritual." Its meaning as "the breath of life" is brought out by the idea of creating life. Its meaning as "spiritual" is brought out by the contrast with "physical". Read more about this word in this article on the holy spirit. 

EACH WORD of NIV

...Father -- "Father" is the Greek noun that means "father" or any male ancestor so "forefathers". It is the word that Christ uses to address his own Father. 

, into -- The word translated as "into" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure.

your -- The word translated as "thy" is the possessive form of the second person pronoun.

hands -- The Greek word translated as "hands" means "the hand and forearm". It can mean both the idea of a helping hand and being in someone's control. 

I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.

commit -- (WV) The Greek verb translated as "I commit " means "place beside", freq. of meals, "set before", "serve up", and generally, "provide", "furnish."  This is not the same meaning as "commend", which generally means "praise". but can also mean "entrust." This is an uncommon word for Jesus, but he is quoting scripture. The form is the first person acting on himself, "I set myself."

my -- My" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me".

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.

spirit-- The word translated as "spirit" primarily means "breath", "wind," a "non-material being", and "blast." Like "spirit" in English, it can also mean "attitude" or "motivation.' It also means the "breath of life," from which we get to "spirit" and "spiritual." It also means the "breath of life," from which we get to "spirit" and "spiritual." Its meaning as "the breath of life" is brought out by the idea of creating life. Its meaning as "spiritual" is brought out by the contrast with "physical". Read more about this word in this article on the holy spirit. 

COMPARISON: GREEK to KJV

Πάτερ, “ ( noun sg masc voc ) "The Father" is pater, which means "father", "grandfather", "author", "parent," and "forefathers."

εἰς (prep) "Into" is eis, which means "into (of place)," "up to (of time)", "until (of time)", "as much as (of measure or limit)", "as far as (of measure or limit)", "towards (to express relation)", "in regard to (to express relation)", "of an end or limit," and "for (of purpose or object)." --

χεῖράς ( noun pl fem acc ) "Hands" is cheir (cheir) which means "the hand and arm," and "with the help of agency of another." Like "hand" in English, it has a lot of meanings including "an act or deed", "a body of people," and the measurement "handful."

σου (adj sg masc gen) "Thy" is sou which means "of you" and "your."  --

παρατίθεμαι  [ 5 verses]( verb 1st sg pres ind mp ) "I commend" is from paratithemi, which means "place beside", freq. of meals, "set before", "serve up", generally, "provide", "furnish", "place upon", "lay before one", "explain", "set before oneself", "have set before one",  "deposit what belongs to one in another's hands", "give in charge", "stake", "hazard", "cite in one's own favour", and "cite as evidence or authority".

τὸ [821 verses](article sg masc nom)  Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."  -- 

πνεῦμά ( noun sg neut acc) "Spirit" is pneuma, which means "blast", "wind", "breath", "the breath of life", "divine inspiration", "a spiritual or immaterial being," and "the spirit" of a man. --

μου:” (noun sg masc gen) "My" is emou, which means "me", and "mine". --  "

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