Jesus watching people put money into the collection at the temple.
Luke 21:4 For all these have of their abundance cast in unto the offerings of God: but she of her penury hath cast in all the living that she had.
Luke 21:4 All these people gave their gifts out of their wealth; but she out of her poverty put in all she had to live on.”
Because all these from this overflowing of their tossed into the gifts. She herself, however, from that deficiency of hers, tossed all the living that she had.
Two opposite words here are poorly translated in the KJV. The word translated as "abundance" is a verb that means "exceeding" and has the sense not just of "plenty" but of "excess" and "being superfluous". The word translated as "penury" and "poverty" is uniquely used by Jesus here and has the general meaning of "lack" or "need".
The word translated as "cast" in the KJV has the lighthearted sense of "tossed" as though the money meant little. This word is erased in the more modern NIV and replaced with two bad translations.
Some of us don't give a toss while others do.
For all these have(WT) of(CW) their (MW) abundance cast in unto the offerings [of God(OS)]: but she (MW) of(CW) her (MW) penury hath(WT) cast in(IW) all the living that she had.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present, or future).
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "of" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "abundance" is not shown in the English translation.
- OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek word translated as "of God" existed in the KJV Greek source but not the source we use today.
- MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "herself" after "she" for emphasis.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "of" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "penury" is not shown in the English translation.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "has" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present, or future).
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "in" doesn't exist in the source.
(MW) All these people(IW) gave(WW) (MW) their(CW) gifts out of their (MW) wealth; but she (MW) out of her (MW) poverty put(WW) in(IW) all (MW) she had to(WF) live on.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "for" at the beginning of the sentence is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "people" doesn't exist in the source.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "gave" should be something more like "tossed".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "into" after "gave" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "their".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "wealth" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "herself" after "she" for emphasis.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "poverty" is not shown in the English translation.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "put" should be something more like "tossed".
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "in" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "that" after "all" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - The "live" is not a verb but a noun, "living".
For -- The word translated as "for" introduces a reason or explanation so "because" and, in questions, "why". However, since this word always appears in the second position, it is more like an aside remark like, "consequently" or "as a cause".
all -- The word translated as "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all", "the whole", "every" and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything". As an adverb, it means "in every way", "on every side" and "altogether".
these -- "These" is translated from a Greek word that means "this", "that", "the nearer".
have -- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.
of -- (CW) The Greek preposition translated as "of" means "out of" or "from". The word also means "beyond", "on", "in", "since" or "by" based upon its context, but it indicates separation "from" something rather than being a part "of "it like "of" does. It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs.
their -- The word translated as "their" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. However, the form is not possessive, as translated, but a form that is an indirect object, so the sense is "to them". This word follows "abundance".
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
abundance -- The verb translated as "abundance" means to "exceed", "to go beyond" or "to surpass". In the negative sense, it means "to be superfluous". It is in the form of an adjective introduced by an article "the" so it acts as a noun. "This overflowing of theirs".
cast -- The word translated as "have...cast" has a number of meanings revolving around "throw" as we do in English with both "throw" and "toss". Jesus often uses this word in the same way we use "dump" in English. In dice, it means "to throw" the dice, but with the sense of being lucky.
in unto -- The word translated as "in unto" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject and "up to" limits in time and measure.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more.
offerings -- "Offering" a noun that means "gift", "present" and specifically a "votive gift" or "offering" to a god.
of God: -- (OS) There is nothing in the Greek that can be translated as this in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used.
but -- The Greek word translated as "but" means "but", "however" and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
she -- The word translated as "she" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. This is also the adverb meaning "here" or "there". The form is the singular subject of the sentence, and it is feminine. Since Greek active verbs include the singular form of the subject, when the subject is clear, this pronoun can be repetitive, emphasizing the subject. This is how we say "she herself" and "it itself" to emphasize the subject.
missing "herself/itself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "she herself".
of -- (CW) The Greek preposition translated as "of" means "out of" or "from". The word also means "beyond", "on", "in", "since" or "by" based upon its context, but it indicates separation "from" something rather than being a part "of" it like "of" does. It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs.
her -- The word translated as "her" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there".
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
penury -- The noun translated as "penury" means "shortcoming", "deficiency" and "need". This word is used by Jesus uniquely here in the Gospels.
hath -- (WT) This helping verb "has" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.
cast -- The word translated as "cast in" has a number of meanings revolving around "throw" as we do in English with both "throw" and "toss." Jesus often uses this word in the same way we use "dump" in English. In dice, it means "to throw" the dice, but with the sense of being lucky.
in -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
all --The word translated as "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all", "the whole", "every" and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything" As an adverb, it means "in every way", "on every side" and "altogether".
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more.
living -- The Greek word translated as "the living" means "livelihood", and "means of living", in the sense of supporting yourself and your family.
that -- The word translated as "that" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this", "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.
she -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
had -- The word translated as "she had" means to "have", "possess", "bear", "keep close", "have means to do", "to have due to one" or "keep" and many specific uses. This verb isn't used to form past tenses as it is in English.
missing "for" -- (MW) The untranslated word "for" introduces a reason or explanation so "because" and, in questions, "why". However, since this word always appears in the second position, it is more like an aside remark like, "consequently" or "as a cause".
all -- The word translated as "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all", "the whole", "every" and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything". As an adverb, it means "in every way", "on every side" and "altogether".
these -- "These" is translated from a Greek word that means "this", "that", "the nearer".
people -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
gave -- (WW) The word translated as "gave" has a number of meanings revolving around "throw" as we do in English with both "throw" and "toss". Jesus often uses this word in the same way we use "dump" in English. In dice, it means "to throw" the dice, but with the sense of being lucky.
missing "into" -- (MW) The untranslated word "into" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject and "up to" limits in time and measure.
their -- (CW) The word translated as "their" is the Greek definite article, "the" which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "their".
gifts -- "Gifts " a noun that means "gift", "present" and specifically a "votive gift" or "offering" to a god.
out of -- The Greek preposition translated as "of" means "out of" or "from". The word also means "beyond", "on", "in", "since" or "by" based upon its context, but it indicates separation "from" something rather than being a part "of "it like "of" does. It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs.
their -- The word translated as "their" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. However, the form is not possessive, as translated, but a form that is an indirect object, so the sense is "to them". This word follows "abundance".
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
wealth-- The verb translated as "wealth" means to "exceed", "to go beyond" or "to surpass". In the negative sense, it means "to be superfluous". It is in the form of an adjective introduced by an article "the" so it acts as a noun. "This overflowing of theirs".
in unto -- The word translated as "in unto" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure.
but -- The Greek word translated as "but" means "but", "however" and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
she -- The word translated as "she" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. This is also the adverb meaning "here" or "there". The form is the singular subject of the sentence, and it is feminine. Since Greek active verbs include the singular form of the subject, when the subject is clear, this pronoun can be repetitive, emphasizing the subject. This is how we say "she herself" and "it itself" to emphasize the subject.
missing "herself/itself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "she herself".
but she out of her poverty put in all she had to live on.
out of -- (CW) The Greek preposition translated as "out of" means "out of" or "from". The word also means "beyond", "on", "in", "since", or "by" based upon its context, but it indicates separation "from" something rather than being a part "of " it like "of" does. It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs.
her -- The word translated as "her" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there".
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
poverty -- The noun translated as "poverty " means "shortcoming", "deficiency" and "need". This word is used by Jesus uniquely here in the Gospels.
put -- (WW) The word translated as "put" has a number of meanings revolving around "throw" as we do in English with both "throw" and "toss." Jesus often uses this word in the same way we use "dump" in English. In dice, it means "to throw" the dice, but with the sense of being lucky. This word doesn't mean "put".
in -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
all --The word translated as "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all", "the whole", "every" and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything". As an adverb, it means "in every way", "on every side" and "altogether".
missing "that " -- (MW) The untranslated word "that" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this", "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.
she -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
had -- The word translated as "she had" means to "have", "possess", "bear", "keep close", "have means to do", "to have due to one" or "keep" and many specific uses. This verb isn't used to form past tenses as it is in English.
to -- (WF) This "to" is added to create the infinitive form of a verb. The next word is not a verb but a noun.
missing "the " -- (MW) The untranslated word "the" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more.
live on.-- The Greek word translated as "live on" means "livelihood" and "means of living", in the sense of supporting yourself and your family.
πάντες ( adj pl masc nom ) "All" is pas, which means "all", "the whole", "every", "anyone", "all kinds" and "anything". In the adverbial form, it means "every way", "on every side", "in every way," and "altogether."
γὰρ (partic) "For" comes from gar which is the introduction of a clause explaining a reason or explanation: "for", "since" and "as". In an abrupt question, it means "why" and "what".
οὗτοι ( adj pl masc nom ) "These" is houtos, which as an adjective means "this", "that", "the nearer". As an adverb, it means "in this way", "therefore", "so much", "to such an extent" and "that is why".
ἐκ [121 verses] (prep) "Of" is ek , which means 1) [of motion] "out of", "from", "by", "away from"; 2) [of place] "beyond". "outside of". "beyond"; 3) [of succession] "after", "from"; 4) [of rest] "on", "in"; 5) [of time] "since", "from", "at", "in"; 7) [of materials] "out of", "made from"; 7) cause, instrument, or means "by". It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs.
τοῦ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
περισσεύοντος [8 verses]( part sg pres act masc gen ) "Abundance" is perisseuo which means "to be over and above", "to go beyond", "to abound in", "to be superior" and, in a negative sense, "to be superfluous".
αὐτοῖς [55 verses](pron/adj pl masc dat) "Theirs" is autois, the dative, plural case of the third-person, plural adjective that is used as a pronoun. The word also means "the same", "one's true self" and "the soul", as opposed to the body. It also means "of one's own accord". A dative object of a preposition implies no movement but in a fixed position.
ἔβαλον ( verb 3rd pl aor ind act ) "Have...cast" is ballo, which means "to throw", "to let fall", "to cast", "to put", "to pour", "to place money on deposit", "push forward or in front" [of animals], "to shed", "to place", "to pay", "to throw" [of dice], "to be lucky", "to fall", "to lay as foundation", "to begin to form", "to dash oneself with water" and "to bathe".
εἰς (prep) "Into" is eis, which means "into" (of place), "up to" (of time), "until" (of time), "as much as" (of measure or limit), "as far as" (of measure or limit), "towards" (to express relation), "in regard to" (to express relation), "of an end or limit" and "for" (of purpose or object).
τὰ [821 verses](article pl neut acc ) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
δῶρα, (noun pl neut acc ) "Offering" is dôron (doron) which means "gift", "present" and specifically a "votive gift" or "offering" to a god. The simpler term without the sense of a votive offering is "dorea".
αὐτὴ [42 verses]( adv/adj sg fem nom ) "She" is aute, which means is the singular adjective used as the subject pronoun in the feminine. It also means "it" because feminine pronouns refer to things or ideas as much as to people. This is also the adverbial form meaning "there". When used as a noun, it is preceded by a definite article, and it means "the same". However, feminine pronouns refer to feminine nouns, not just feminine people so this word can mean "it" as well as "she".
δὲ (conj/adv) "But" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand". It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be a weak connective ("and") and explanation of cause ("so") and a condition ("if").
ἐκ (prep) "Of" is ek, which means 1) [of motion] "out of", "from", "by", "away from"; 2) [of place] "beyond", "outside of", "beyond"; 3) [of succession] "after", "from"; 4) [of rest] "on", "in"; 5) [of time] "since", "from", "at", "in"; 5) [of materials] "out of", "made from".
τοῦ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
ὑστερήματος [1 verse]( noun sg neut gen ) "Penury" is hysterēma, which means "shortcoming", "deficiency" and "need".
αὐτῆς [29 verses](pro/adj sg fem gen) "Her" is autes, which means is the singular adjective used as the genitive pronoun, which is used as a possessive form or the object of prepositions and sometimes verbs. Though the form is feminine, it refers to feminine words, not people. When used as a noun, it is preceded by a definite article, and it means "the same". This form is often used as the object of a preposition. A genitive object means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. The time sense of a genitive object is that the event occurred within a specified time.
πάντα ( adj pl neut acc ) "All" is pas, which means "all", "the whole", "every", "anyone", "all kinds" and "anything". In the adverbial form, it means "every way", "on every side", "in every way" and "altogether".
τὸν [821 verses](article sg masc acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
βίον [5 verses](noun sg masc acc) "Living" is bios, which means "mode of life", "livelihood", "means of living", "the world we live in", "a biography" and "caste".
ὃν ( pron sg neut acc ) "That" is hos, which means "this", "that", "he", "she", "which", "what", "who", "whosoever", "where", "for which reason" and many similar meanings.
εἶχεν ( verb 3rd sg imperf ind act ) "She had" is echo, which means "to have", "to hold", "to possess", "to keep", "to have charge of", "to have due to one", "to maintain", "to hold fast", "to bear", "to carry", "to keep close", "to keep safe" and "to have means to do".
ἔβαλεν. ( verb 3rd sg aor ind act ) "Hath cast" is ballo, which means "to throw", "to let fall," "to cast," "to put", "to pour", "to place money on deposit", "push forward or in front" [of animals], "to shed", "to place", "to pay", "to throw" [of dice], "to be lucky", "to fall", "to lay as foundation", "to begin to form", "to dash oneself with water" and "to bathe".