Jesus starts a parable about a man fixing a big dinner for many.
Luke 14:19 And another said, I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them: I pray thee have me excused.
Luke 14:19 Another said, ‘I have just bought five yoke of oxen, and I’m on my way to try them out. Please excuse me.’
And another said, "I am buying yokes of five oxen, And I go to evaluate them. I ask you, hold me having been excused.
The "bought" is not the past perfect tense, which would indicate a completed purchase. The tense could be the past, present,or future. In this case, translating it as "am buying," a progressive form that doesn't exist in ancient Greek, might capture it better.
The last phrase is complicated. It says "I beg you to hold me having been excused." The English translations confuse the tense and verb forms involved.
The man is too busy for a party.
And another said, I have(WT) bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them: I pray thee have me excused(WT,WF,WV).
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present or future).
- WT -- Wrong Tense -- This verb is the past perfect tense, which requires a "have" before the verb.
- WV --Wrong Voice - The "excused" here is translated as active but it is passive.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having been excused."
(MW) Another said, ‘I have(WT) just(IW) bought five yoke of oxen, and I’m on my way to try them out. Please (MW) (MW) excuse(WT,WF,WV). me.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" at the beginning of the sentence is not shown in the English translation.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present, or future).
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "just" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "thee" after "please" is not shown in the English translation. "thee" here is singular as an object.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "have" after "please" is not shown in the English translation.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present or future).
- WT -- Wrong Tense -- This verb is the past perfect tense, which requires a "have" before the verb.
- WV --Wrong Voice - The "excused" here is translated as active but it is passive.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having been excused”.
And -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and”, but it also is used to add emphasis ("also") and, In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also”.
another -- The word translated as "another" means "one of two”, "other” or "different”. It is an adjective used as a noun.
said, -- "Said" is from the Greek verb that means "to say" and "to speak" also. However, it has less a sense of teaching and more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
have -- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.
bought --"I have bought" is an uncommon verb that means "to occupy a marketplace”, "to buy in the market” and "to buy for oneself”.
five -- "Five" is the number five.
yoke-- "Yoke" is from a Greek noun that means yoke of beasts, pair or team of mules, oxen or horses," a "carriage drawn by a yoke of beasts", "a chariot”, "pair or couple" of any things, and the "mouthpiece of a double flute”.
of -- This word "of" comes from the possessive form (genitive case) of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
oxen,-- The word translated as "of oxen" means "bull" or "ox". It is an uncommon word.
and The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and”, but it also is used to add emphasis ("also") and, In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also”.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
go -- The Greek verb translated as "I go" is the most common verb translated as "go" in the NT. This word means "to lead over”, "depart” and "to carry over". This word, however, uniquely means both "to pursue a course" and "to depart from life." Since it is in a form that acts on itself, the sense is "I take myself”.
to -- This "to" is added to create the infinitive form of the following verb.
prove -- The Greek verb translated as "to prove" means "to assay”, "to test”, "approve for political office" and "pass as fit for office”. This is the core of the double meaning here, the play between "test" and "approve for office," the first applied to the weather, the second to Jesus himself. This is the first time this word is used by Jesus and it is only used twice. A different word for "discern" is used in Matthew 16:3. The word for "time" follows this verb, completing the wordplay, but in English translation the "face" phrase that comes before separates the two words.
them: -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
pray-- "I pray" means "to ask" or "to question”. It is not the word normally translated as "pray" in the NT. The form is "I ask”.
thee -- The "thee" here is singular as an object.
have -- The word translated as "have" means "to possess" or "to keep”. The sense here is "hold" in the sense of holding someone responsible. It is not a helped verb making a past perfect tense.
me -- "Me" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek.
missing "have" -- (WT) The helping verb, "have," is needed to show the past perfect tense of the verb. Though "have" appears above, that is from the word that means "have" and "hold”. It is not a helped verb making a past perfect tense.
excused. -- (WF)"Excused" is an uncommon verb that means "to beg of”, "intercede with”, "appeal to" a person, "decline”, "deprecate”, "demand exemption from”, "intercede for” and "beg off”. The form is an adjective indicating something completed in the past, "excused”. The verb here is translated as active but it is passive. This is not an active verb but a passive participle, a verbal adjective, "having been excused."
missing "and" -- -- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and”, but it also is used to add emphasis ("also") and, In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also”.
Another -- The word translated as "another" means "one of two”, "other”, or "different". It is an adjective used as a noun.
said, -- "Said" is from the Greek verb that means "to say" and "to speak" also. However, it has less a sense of teaching and more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
have -- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.
just -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
bought --"I have bought" is an uncommon verb that means "to occupy a marketplace”, "to buy in the market” and "to buy for oneself”.
five -- "Five" is the number five.
yoke-- "Yoke" is from a Greek noun that means yoke of beasts, pair or team of mules, oxen or horses", a "carriage drawn by a yoke of beasts”, "a chariot”, "pair or couple" of any things, and the "mouthpiece of a double flute”.
of -- This word "of" comes from the possessive form (genitive case) of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
oxen,-- The word translated as "of oxen" means "bull" or "ox”. It is an uncommon word.
and The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also") and, In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also”.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
’m on my way -- The Greek verb translated as "I go" is the most common verb translated as "go" in the NT. This word means "to lead over”, "depart” and "to carry over”. This word, however, uniquely means both "to pursue a course" and "to depart from life." Since it is in a form that acts on itself, the sense is "I take myself."
to -- This "to" is added to create the infinitive form of the following verb.
try -- The Greek verb translated as "to try out" means "to assay”, "to test”, "approve for political office”, and "pass as fit for office”. This is the core of the double meaning here, the play between "test" and "approve for office”, the first applied to the weather, the second to Jesus himself. This is the first time this word is used by Jesus and it is only used twice. A different word for "discern" is used in Matthew 16:3. The word for "time" follows this verb, completing the wordplay, but in English translation the "face" phrase that comes before separates the two words.
them: -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective.
out - This completes the meaning of the verb.
Please -- -- "Please" means "to ask" or "to question”. It is not the word normally translated as "pray" in the NT. The form is "I ask”. However, there is no Greek word that means "please" so this comes close.
missing "thee" -- (MW) The untranslated word
missing "have" -- (MW) The untranslated word "have" means "to possess" or "to keep”. The sense here is "hold" in the sense of holding someone responsible. It is not a helped verb making a past perfect tense.
missing "have" -- (WT) The helping verb, "have”, is needed to show the past perfect tense of the verb. Though "have" appears above, that is from the word that means "have" and "hold”. It is not a helped verb making a past perfect tense.
excuse. -- (WF)"Excused" is an uncommon verb that means "to beg of”, "intercede with”, "appeal to" a person, "decline”, "deprecate”, "demand exemption from”, "intercede for” and "beg off.”. The form is an adjective indicating something completed in the past, "excused". The verb here is translated as active but it is passive. This is not an active verb but a passive participle, a verbal adjective, "having been excused”.
me -- "Me" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek.
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also”. Also used to give emphasis, "even”, "also” and "just”.
ἕτερος (adj sg masc nom) "Another" is heteros, which means "one or the other of two," "the second", "the secondary", "the minor", "other things [of like kind]”, "another”, "different”, "other than”, "different from”, "other than should be” and "in another or a different way”. As an adverb, it means "in one or the other way”, "differently”, "otherwise than should be”, "badly” and "wrongly”.
εἶπεν (verb 3rd sg aor ind act) "Said" is eipon, which means "to speak", "to say”, "to recite” "to address”, "to mention”, "to name”, "to proclaim”, "to plead”, "to promise" and "to offer”.
Ζεύγη [1 verse](noun pl neut acc ) "Yoke" is zeugos, which means yoke of beasts, pair or team of mules, oxen or horses, a "carriage drawn by a yoke of beasts”, "a chariot”, "pair or couple" of any things, and the "mouthpiece of a double flute”. -- -- "Yoke" is from a Greek noun that means yoke of beasts, pair or team of mules, oxen or horses, a "carriage drawn by a yoke of beasts”, "a chariot”, "pair or couple" of any things, and the "mouthpiece of a double flute”.
βοῶν [3 verses](adj pl neut gen) "Oxen" is bous, which means " bullock”, "bull”, "ox”, metaph. of any "dam" or "mother”.
ἠγόρασα [9 verses](verb 1st sg aor ind act) "I have bought" is from agorazo, which means "to occupy a marketplace”, "to buy in the market” and "to buy for oneself”.
πέντε (number) "Five" is pente, the number five.
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also”. Also used to give emphasis, "even”, "also” and "just”.
πορεύομαι (verb 1st sg pres ind mp) "I go" is poreuomai (poreuô) which means "make to go”, "carry”, "convey”, "bring”, "go”, "march” and "proceed”. It is almost always translated as "go" in the NT.
δοκιμάσαι [2 verses](verb pres inf act) "To prove" is from dokimazo , which means "to assay”,"to test”, "to prove for ones self”, "put a person to the test”, "approve”, "sanction”, "approve for political office” and "pass as fit for office”.
αὐτά: (adj pl neut acc) "Them" is autos, which means "the same”, and the reflexive pronouns, "myself", "yourself”, "himself”, "herself”, "itself”, or the oblique case of the pronouns, "him", "her” and "it”. It also means "one's true self”, that is, "the soul" as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord”. The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective.
ἐρωτῶ [17 verses] (verb 1st sg pres ind act) "I pray" is from erotao, which means "to ask" or "to question”.
σε, (pron 2nd sg acc) "Thee" is from se, the second person singular accusative pronoun.
ἔχε (verb 2nd sg pres imperat act) "Have" is echo, which means "to have", "to hold”, "to possess”, "to keep”, "to have charge of”, "to maintain”, "to hold fast”, "to bear”, "to carry”, "to keep close”, "to keep safe” and "to have means to do”.
με (noun sg masc acc) "Me" is eme, which means "I", "me" and "my”.
παρῃτημένον. [2 verses](part sg perf mp masc acc) "Excused" is paraiteomai, which means "to beg of”, "intercede with”, "appeal to" a person, "decline”, "deprecate”, "demand exemption from”, "intercede for” and "beg off”.