Verily  -- The word translated as "verily" is the Hebrew word that means "truly" or "certainly", but it sounds like the Greek word with the same meaning. In Greek, the word also means "to reap."

I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.

say -- The word translated as "say" is the most common word that means "to say" and "to speak", but it also means "to teach", which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself". Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.

unto -- This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.

you,  - The Greek pronoun "unto you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you", "for you", etc. 

missing "that"  -- (MW) The untranslated word "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what", "because", "since", "seeing that", "that" and "wherefore". Jesus usually uses this word to mean "because" in statements that seem like an answer to a question because of the change of context. It means "because" when answering a "why" question and "that" when explaining a "what" question. 

There -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.

is -- The verb "there is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics.  When the verb "to be" appears early in the sentence before the subject, the sense is more like "it is" or, in the plural, "there are". However, here it follows the subject, "no one" or "no man". The sense is "no one exists".

no man -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "no man" also means "no one", "nothing" and other negative nouns depending on the form. The form here is masculine, singular. This "man" is from the masculine, singular form of the previous word but that can refer to anyone.  It is not the word "man".

that  - The word translated as "that" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this", "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that"), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause. In English, when referring to a person, "who" works best.

hath -- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is in the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here. 

left -- The word translated as "hath left" primarily means "to let go" or "to send away". This same word is usually translated as "leave", "forgive", "suffer," and "let" in the New Testament.

house, -- The Greek word translated as "house", is any dwelling place but not exclusively a separate house. It means the household or clan that lives in the building as well.

or  -- "Or" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. The same word could also be the exclamation "hi!" or the adverb meaning "in truth".

parents -- "Parents" is a word that means "progenitor" and can refer to parents or ancestors. In the Greek, "parents" comes after "brethren" and "wife".

or  -- "Or" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. The same word could also be the exclamation "hi!" or the adverb meaning "in truth".

brethren -- The word translated as "brethren" means a biological brother, any kinsmen, and more broadly and friend or associate.  In the Greek, it comes after "wife".

or  -- "Or" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. The same word could also be the exclamation "hi!" or the adverb meaning "in truth".

wife -- The word translated as "wife" is  the Greek word that means "woman" (as opposed to a man), "wife", "spouse", "mortal woman" (as opposed to a goddess), and "female mate" (among animals). It is closer to our "female". The verb "let go" used here is not the same as the one that means "divorce", which is a word that means "let loose".

or  -- "Or" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. The same word could also be the exclamation "hi!" or the adverb meaning "in truth".

children -- The word translated as "children" means "child" but in the most general sense of "offspring". Christ does not use it to refer specifically to children under seven, which is another term. See this article more about these words for "child".

for -- The word translated as "for...sake" means "on account of", "because", and "in consequence of".

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more. 

 kingdom - The word translated as "the kingdom" can be the region, the reign, the castle or the authority of a ruler. Christ does not seem to use it to mean a physical region, so its translation as "reign" or "realm" seems more appropriate. This is especially true because the "reign" of a king means the execution of his will.

of -- This word "of" comes from the possessive form (genitive case) of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession.

missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more. 

God's -- The word translated as "of God's" means "God" and "deity". It is introduced with an article, so "the God". Jesus often uses it this way perhaps to indicate the one God as opposed to the pagan gods.

sake, -- The word translated as "for...sake" means "on account of", "because", and "in consequence of".