Jesus describes the apostles being captured, imprisoned, and brought before kings and governors.
Luke 21:16 And ye shall be betrayed both by parents, and brethren, and kinsfolks, and friends; and some of you shall they cause to be put to death.
Luke 21:16 You will be betrayed even by parents, brothers and sisters, relatives and friends, and they will put some of you to death.
But you will be given over not only by parents but also siblings and relatives and friends. And they will cause death from among you.
The long series of words connected by "and" conjunctions is typical of Jesus style when drawing out a verse. All of these noun describing relationships have the same form for male and female except for the word for "parents". The male form of the word for parents means both male and female parents but the female form of the word refers to offspring, not parents.
Families are tough.
And ye shall be betrayed both by parents, and brethren, and kinsfolks, and friends; and some(IW) of(CW) you shall they [cause to be(IP)] put to death.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "some" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "of" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "cause to be" doesn't exist in the source.
(MW) You will be betrayed even by parents, (MW) brothers and sisters(IW), relatives and friends, and they will put some(IW) of(CW) you to death.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "but" at the beginning of the sentence is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" after "parents" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "sisters" doesn't exist in the source.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "some" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "of" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
And -- The Greek word translated as "and" means "but", "however", and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
betrayed -- "Betrayed" is a compound word which literally means "to give over." It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that. It is used like we use the term "turn over".
both -- The Greek word translated as "both" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". This clearly begins a series of and's so "no only" is best.
by -- The word translated as "by" primarily means "by", "under" or "with" (with the genitive and a passive verb). Its primary meaning is "under" both in the sense of moving under, being under, and being under different forms of compulsion. With passive verbs, as here, it describes the cause.
parents -- "Parents" is a word that means "progenitor" and can refer to parents or ancestors.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". Since this is the second appearance, "but also" works best.
brethren -- The word translated as "brethren" means a biological brother, any kinsmen, and more broadly and friend or associate.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". Since this is the second appearance, "but also" works best.
kinsfolks -- The noun translated as "kinsfolk" means "kinsmen", "inborn", "of the same family", "kinsfolk", and "akin". We would say "relatives". The word is uncommon for Jesus.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". Since this is the second appearance, "but also" works best.
friends -- The term translated as "friends" is the adjective form of one of three or four words in Greek for "love". The actual word means "embraced". This is usually described as "brotherly love". It is in the form of an adjective used as a noun. In English, we would say "loved ones".
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". Since this is the second appearance, "but also" works best.
some -- There is no some in the Greek. -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
of --- (CW) The word translated as "from" means "from" in both locations and when referring to a source or a cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done and "away from". It is not the word form usually translated as "of". Referring to time, it means "from" and "after".
you -- The word translated as "your" is plural addressing a group of Jesus's listeners. The word translated as "you/your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the possessive (genitive) case. A genitive object means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. The time sense of a genitive object is that the event occurred within a specified time. This pronoun follows the noun so the possessive "of yours". When it precedes a definite article before the word it modifies, the sense may be "yours" or "part of you".
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
cause to be -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
put to death. "Put to death" is the verb form of the word for "death". It means "to put to death" and "to cause die", but it also means "to mortify".
missing "but" -- (MW) The untranslated word "but" means "but", "however" and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
You -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "will " indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
betrayed -- "Betrayed" is a compound word which literally means "to give over". It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that. It is used like we use the term "turn over".
even -- The Greek word translated as "even" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also" and "just".
by -- The word translated as "by" primarily means "by", "under" or "with" (with the genitive and a passive verb). Its primary meaning is "under" both in the sense of moving under, being under, and being under different forms of compulsion. With passive verbs, as here, it describes the cause.
parents -- "Parents" is a word that means "progenitor" and can refer to parents or ancestors.
missing "and " -- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". Since this is the second appearance, "but also" works best.
brothers -- The word translated as "brothers " means a biological brother, any kinsmen, and more broadly and friend or associate.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". Since this is the third appearance, "but also" works best.
sisters -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
relatives -- The noun translated as "relatives" means "kinsmen", "inborn", "of the same family", "kinsfolk" and "akin". We would say "relatives". The word is uncommon for Jesus.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". Since this is the fourth appearance, "but also" works best.
friends -- The term translated as "friends" is the adjective form one of three or four words in Greek for "love". The actual word means "embraced". This is usually described as "brotherly love". It is in the form of an adjective used as a noun. In English, we would say "loved ones".
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". Since this is the fifth appearance, "but also" works best.
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "will " indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
put "Put to death" is the verb form of the word for "death". It means "to put to death" and "to cause death," but it also means "to mortify".
some -- There is no some in the Greek. -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
of --- (CW) The word translated as "from" means "from" in both locations and when referring to a source or a cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done and "away from". It is not the word form usually translated as "of". Referring to time, it means "from" and "after".
you -- The word translated as "your" is plural addressing a group of Jesus's listeners. The word translated as "you/your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the possessive (genitive) case. A genitive object means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. The time sense of a genitive object is that the event occurred within a specified time.This pronoun follows the noun so the possessive "of yours". When it precedes a definite article before the word it modifies, the sense may be "yours" or "part of you".
to death. "Put to death" is the verb form of the word for "death". It means "to put to death" and "to cause death" but it also means "to mortify".
παραδοθήσεσθε ( verb 2nd pl fut ind pass ) "Ye shall be betrayed" is paradidomi, which means "to give over to another", "to transmit", "to hand down", "to grant", "to teach" and "to bestow". -- "Shall deliver up" is a compound word which literally means "to give over." It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that.
δὲ (conj/adv) "And" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand". It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be a weak connective ("and") and explanation of cause ("so") and a condition ("if").
καὶ (conj/adv) "Both" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just."
ὑπὸ (prep) "By" is hypo (hupo), which means [with genitive] "from under" (of motion), "down under", "under, beneath", indicating a cause with passive verbs, "by", "under" or "with", "under the cover or protection of", "of the agency of feelings, passions", "expressing subjection or dependence", "subordinate", "subject to" [with accusative], "towards" and "under" (to express motion), "under" (without a sense of motion), "subjection", "control", "dependence", of Time, "in the course of", "during", "about", as an adverb, "under", "below", "beneath", the agency or influence under which a thing is done"by", "before" and "under" (with genitive and passive verbs of cause).
γονέων (noun pl masc gen) "Parents" is goneus, which mean "progenitor" and can refer to parents or ancestors.
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
ἀδελφῶν ( noun pl masc/fem gen ) "Brethren" is adelphos, which means "son of the same mother", "kinsman", "colleague", "associate" and "brother".
καὶ "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
συγγενῶν [3 verses](adj pl masc/fem gen) "Kinsfolk" is syggenes, which means "congenital", "inborn", "character", "natural", "of the same family", "kinsfolk", "kindred" and "akin". This word is not used in Matthew, appears once in Mark, and twice in Luke.
φίλων, (adj sg masc/fem gen) "Friends" is from philos, which as an adjective means "loved", "beloved", "dear", "kith and kin", "nearest and dearest", "friends" and (of things) "welcome" and "pleasant".
καὶ "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
θανατώσουσιν ( verb 3rd pl fut ind act) "Shall they put to death" is thanatoo, which means "to put to death", "to be made dead" (passive), "to be put to death by sentence of law", "to be fatal" and "to cause death".
ἐξ (prep) "Some of" is ek, which means 1) [of motion] "out of", "from", "by", "away from"; 2) [of place] "beyond", "outside of"; 3) [of succession] "after", "from"; 4) [of rest] "on", "in"; 5) [of time] "since", "from", "at", "in"; 5) [of materials] "out of", "made from".
ὑμῶν, (pron 2nd pl gen) "You" is humon, the plural possessive form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you".