Last Supper. After blessing bread and wine and saying his betrayer was along with him.
Luke 22:22 And truly the Son of man goeth, as it was determined: but woe unto that man by whom he is betrayed!
Luke 22:22 The Son of Man will go as it has been decreed. But woe to that man who betrays him!”
For certainly the son of the man, as this has been determined, departs by himself. Except, boo-hoo for the man, that one there, by whom he gives himself over.
The verb forms used translated as "go" and "betrays" are the middle voice where a person acts on, by, or for themselves. So Jesus goes by himself and gives himself over. Jesus gives himself over "by the man" or "through the man". Judas is used as a means to an end. This verse makes it clear that Jesus is choosing these things for himself.
The verb translated as "is determined" and "has been decreed" is used by Jesus only here. It primarily means to "divide", but from that comes to mean "ordained" and "determined". It is in the form of a passive participle but it is introduced by a neuter article so the sense is that it has the sense of being decided by fate more than a person.
We can choose to go along with what life has in store for us.
And(WW) truly the Son of (MW) man goeth, as it(CW) was(WT) determined: but(CW) woe unto that(CW) (MW) man by whom he is betrayed!
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "and" should be something more like "for".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the" before "man" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "it".
- WT - Wrong Tense - The "was" indicates the past tense but the tense is past perfect.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is word not usually translated as "but".
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "that" is the common word that should be translated as "here" or "there".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "man" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "for" at the beginning of the sentence is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the" before "man" is not shown in the English translation.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "will" indicates the future tense, but that is not the tense here.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "it".
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "decreed " means something more like "determined".
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is word not usually translated as "but".
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "that" is the common word that should be translated as "here" or "there".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "man" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "by" after "man" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not a subject but an object.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not a passive verb but an active verb.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "him" doesn't exist in the source.
And -- (WW) The word translated as "and" introduces a statement of fact or cause. It is usually translated as "for" or "because". It is used primarily by Jesus in answering a question. It is not anything like the conjunction "and" in Greek. It was likely changed because the "because" doesn't seem to flow from his last set of answers. This word doesn't mean "and".
truly -- The Greek word translated as "truly" means "indeed", "certainly", "surely" and "truly". This word is the Greek version of the Aramaic "amen", which also means "truly." Since "a" is a negative prefix in Greek, the Aramaic word, amen, means "not true" in Greek. This is one of Jesus's recurring bits of humor with the sense that what was true for the Greek was not true for the Judeans. See this article for more about amen. However, here it does not begin the sentence, it appears between the "son" and "of man," a unique position, perhaps making fun of another of his pet phrases.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
Son -- The word translated as "son" more generally means "child" or "descendant". The phrase "the son of man" is the common way Christ refers to himself. It is discussed in detail in this article. Its sense may be "the child of the man".
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that required the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to", "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons) or "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs.
missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
man - The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity", in the singular. In the plural, it means "men", "people" and "peoples".
goeth-- The Greek verb translated as "goes" means "to lead over", "depart" and "to carry over". This word, however, uniquely means both "to depart from life". Jesus uses it to say :"depart", to people "go away" when followed by "from me".
as -- The word translated as "as" means "down from", "down into", "separately", "in accordance with", "concerning", "corresponding with", "during the course of a period" and "severally". It has a form that means "just as", which is what appears in Matthew 26:24, but the preposition form is used here.
it -- (CW) The word translated as "it" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". Here, it is used before an adjective form of a verb. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. The sense here is "the one which". The form is neuter, so it doesn't refer to a person or a thing, here, it is an action. This is not the word usually translated as "it".
was -- (WT) This helping verb indicates the past tense of the verb. This verb is in the past, perfect tense so "has" is correct.
determined -- "Was determined" is a unique verb for Jesus to use. It means to " divide", "separate from", as a border or boundary, "define a thing", "mark out for oneself", "determine for oneself" and "to be defined" in the passive. Here it is in the passive middle voice in the tense indicating something completed in the past, so "has been determined by itself" or "has been decided by itself". "Itself" because the article before it was neuter.
but -- (CW) The word translated as "but" is a less common preposition used like a conjunction that means "except", "save", "besides" and "in addition to". This word not usually translated as "but".
woe -- "Woe" is an exclamation of grief, meaning "woe" or "alas". Jesus uses it humorously. Today we would say "so sad for you" or "boo-hoo to you." The word is very like the Yiddish, "oy vey" which can be used to express sorrow but is more commonly used cynically or humorously. More about this phrase in this article on Christ's humor, under the subtitle, "exaggeration".
unto -- "Unto" is from the form of the words "that man". This form requires the addition of a preposition in English to capture its meaning, a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, and an "in" for area of effect.
that . -- (CW) The word translated as "that" is an adjective that highlights its noun as being in a specific place or time from a word that means "there". So it means "there", "here" or "then". Used as a pronoun, the sense is "that one there" or "this one here".
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
man -- The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men", "people" and "peoples".
by -- The word translated as "by" means "through", "in the midst of" or "by" (a cause).
whom -- The word translated as "whom" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this", "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that"), especially a connective pronoun ("whom") introducing a dependent clause.
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
is -- This helping verb "is" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
betrayed -- "He is betrayed!" is a compound word which literally means "to give over". It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that except as we would use "turn over" or "turn in" in reference to a criminal. Here it is in the passive middle voice in the present tense, so "gives himself over" or "turns himself over".
missing "for" -- (MW) The untranslated word "for" introduces a statement of fact or cause. It is usually translated as "for" or "because". It is used primarily by Jesus in answering a question. It is not anything like the conjunction "and" in Greek. It was likely changed because the "because" doesn't seem to flow from his last set of answers. This word doesn't mean "for".
missing "truly" -- (MW) The untranslated word "truly" means "indeed", "certainly", "surely" and "truly". This word is the Greek version of the Aramaic "amen," which also means "truly". Since "a" is a negative prefix in Greek, the Aramaic word, amen, means "not true" in Greek. This is one of Jesus's recurring bits of humor with the sense that what was true for the Greek was not true for the Judeans. See this article for more about amen. However, here it does not begin the sentence, it appears between the "son" and "of man," a unique position, perhaps making fun of another of his pet phrases.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
Son -- The word translated as "son" more generally means "child" or "descendant". The phrase "the son of man" is the common way Christ refers to himself. It is discussed in detail in this article. Its sense may be "the child of the man".
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that required the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to", "part of". "which is", "than" (in comparisons) or "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs.
missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
Man - The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity", in the singular. In the plural, it means "men", "people" and "peoples".
will -- (WT) This helping verb "will" indicates the future tense, but the verb is not the future.
go-- The Greek verb translated as "go" means "to lead over", "depart" and "to carry over". This word, however, uniquely means both "to depart from life". Jesus uses it to say "depart" to people, "go away" when followed by "from me".
as -- The word translated as "as" means "down from", "down into", "separately", "in accordance with", "concerning", "corresponding with", "during the course of a period" and "severally". It has a form that means "just as", which is what appears in Matthew 26:24, but the preposition form is used here.
it -- (CW) The word translated as "it" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". Here, it is used before an adjective form of a verb. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. The sense here is "the one which". The form is neuter, so it doesn't refer to a person or a thing, here, an action. This is not the word usually translated as "it".
has -- This helping verb "has" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past.
been -- This helping verb "been" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
decreed -- (CW) "Decreed" is a unique verb for Jesus to use. It means to "divide", "separate from", as a border or boundary, "define a thing", "mark out for oneself", "determine for oneself" and "to be defined" in the passive. This word doesn't precisely mean "decreed".
but -- (CW) The word translated as "but" is a less common preposition used like a conjunction that means "except", "save", "besides" and "in addition to". This is word not usually translated as "but".
woe -- "Woe" is an exclamation of grief, meaning "woe" or "alas". Jesus uses it humorously. Today we would say "so sad for you" or "boo-hoo to you." The word is very like the Yiddish, "oy vey" which can be used to express sorrow but is more commonly used cynically or humorously. More about this phrase in this article on Christ's humor, under the subtitle, "exaggeration."
unto -- "Unto" is from the form of the words "that man". This form requires the addition of a preposition in English to capture its meaning, a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, and an "in" for area of effect.
that . -- (CW) The word translated as "that" is an adjective that highlights its noun as being in a specific place or time from a word that means "there". So it means "there", "here" or "then". Used as a pronoun, the sense is "that one there" or "this one here".
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
man -- The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men", "people" and "peoples".
missing "by" -- (MW) The untranslated word -- The word translated as "by" means "through", in the midst of" or "by" (a cause).
who -- (WF)The word translated as "who" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this", "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that"), especially a connective pronoun ("whom") introducing a dependent clause. This is not a subject but an object.
betrays -- (WF) "He is betrayed!" is a compound word which literally means "to give over". It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that except as we would use "turn over" or "turn in" in reference to a criminal. Here it is in the passive middle voice in the present tense, so "gives himself over" or "turns himself over". This is not a passive verb but an active verb.
him -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
ὅτι (adv/conj) "And" is hoti, which introduces a statement of fact "with regard to the fact that", "seeing that" and acts as a causal adverb meaning "for what", "because", "since" and "wherefore".
ὁ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
υἱὸς [158 verses](noun sg masc nom) "The Son" is huios, which means a "son", and more generally, a "child". It is used generally to refer to any male descendant.
μὲν (partic) "Truly" is men, which is generally used to express certainty and means "indeed", "certainly", "surely" and "truly".
τοῦ [821 verses](article sg masc gen) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
ἀνθρώπου [209 verses](noun sg masc gen) "Of man" is from anthropos, which is "man" and, in plural, "mankind". It also means "humanity" and that which is human and opposed to that which is animal or inanimate.
κατὰ (prep) "As" is kata, which, as a preposition, means "downwards", "down from", "down into", "against", "down toward", "opposite", "separately", "individually", "at a time", "towards", "in accordance with", "concerning", "corresponding with", "during the course of a period" and "severally".
τὸ ( article sg neut acc/nom ) "It" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
ὡρισμένον [1 verse]( part sg perf mp neut acc/nom ) "It was determined" is horizo, which means to " divide". "separate from" as a border or boundary, "bound", "mark out by boundaries", "mark out", "ordain", "determine", "lay down", "define a thing", "mark out for oneself", "determine for oneself" and "to be defined" in the passive.
πορεύεται, ( verb 3rd sg pres ind mp ) "Goeth" is poreuomai (poreuô) which means "make to go," "carry", "convey", "bring", "go", "march" and "proceed". It is almost always translated as "go" in the NT. Since it is in a form that acts on itself, the sense is "take yourselves".
πλὴν (prep) "But" is from plen, which is a preposition meaning "except", "save", "besides" and "in addition to". Often used with the negative as a conjunction, "except not".
οὐαὶ (exclam) "Woe" is ouai, which is an exclamation of pain or anger meaning "woe" or "alas" but it can be used sarcastically.
τῷ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
ἀνθρώπῳ ( noun sg masc dat ) "Man" is anthropos, which is "man" and, in plural, "mankind". It also means "humanity" and that which is human and opposed to that which is animal or inanimate.
ἐκείνῳ ( adj sg masc dat ) "He" is ekeinos, which means "the person there", "that person", "that thing", "in that case", "in that way", "at that place" and "in that manner".
δι᾽ (prep) "By" is dia which means "through", "in the midst of", "in a line" (movement), "throughout" (time), "by" (causal), "among" and "between".
οὗ ( pron sg masc gen ) "Whom" is hos, which means "this", "that", "he", "she", "which", "what", "who", "whosoever", "where", "for which reason" and many similar meanings.
παραδίδοται. ( verb 3rd sg pres ind mp) "He is betrayed" is paradidomi, which means "to give over to another", "to transmit", "to hand down", "to grant", "to teach" and "to bestow".
The word translated as "goeth" also means to "depart from life" and the one translated as "is betrayed"are sound alikes with similar endings.
As we often see, this verse is translated so it sounds more like its parallel in Matthew 26:24 than it really is.