Luke 24:38 Why are ye troubled?

Spoken to
Apostles

This is what Jesus says when he appears to his apostles as a group after the resurrection. .

KJV

Luke 24:38 Why are ye troubled? and why do thoughts arise in your hearts?

NIV

Luke 24:38 Why are you troubled, and why do doubts rise in your minds? 

LISTENERS HEARD

Why are you having troubled yourselves? And by what, do arguments arise in that heart of yours?

LOST IN TRANSLATION

The "troubled" is a participle in the past perfect, "having agitated." It is either passive, "having been agitated" or the middle voice, "having agitated yourselves." 

The second "why" is two words meaning "by what?" 

The word translated as "thoughts" and "doubts" means "arguments." It an inner conflict.

The "heart" is singular but belonging to them all. Jesus often refers to a group of people having a single heart, a shared emotion. 

MY TAKE

Jesus makes us think about the inner turmoil we feel. 

GREEK ORDER

 

Τί     τεταραγμένοι                       ἐστέ,        καὶ διὰ τί       διαλογισμοὶ ἀναβαίνουσιν ἐν τῇ    καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν;
Why having troubled yourselves are you ? And by  what, arguments   do arise           in  that heart     of yours?

# KJV TRANSLATION ISSUES
7

Why are ye troubled(WT,WF,WV)? and (MW) why do thoughts(WW) arise in your (MW) heart(WN)s?

  • WT -- Wrong Tense -- This verb is the past perfect tense, which requires a "have" before the verb.
  • WF -- Wrong Form -  This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having troubled."
  • WV -- Wrong Voice -- This verb is a middle voice, which requires a "by/for yourselves" or a "yourselves" as an object.
  • MW - Missing Word -- The word "by"  after "and" is not shown in the English translation.
  • WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "thoughts" should be something more like "arguments."
  • MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "hearts" is not shown in the English translation.
  • WN  --Wrong Number- The word "hearts" is translated as plural but the Greek word is singular.
# NIV TRANSLATION ISSUES
8

Why are you troubled(WT,WF, WV), and (MW) why do doubts(WW) rise in your (MW) minds(WW,WN)?

  • WT -- Wrong Tense -- This verb is the past perfect tense, which requires a "have" before the verb.
  • WF -- Wrong Form -  This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having troubled."
  • WV -- Wrong Voice -- This verb is a middle voice, which requires a "by/for yourselves" or a "yourselves" as an object.
  • MW - Missing Word -- The word "by"  after "and" is not shown in the English translation.
  • WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "doubts" should be something more like "arguments."
  • MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "hearts" is not shown in the English translation.
  • WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "minds" should be something more like "heart."
  • WN  --Wrong Number- The word "minds" is translated as plural but the Greek word is singular.
EACH WORD of KJV

Why -- The word translated as "why" means primarily "anything" or "anyone," but Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who", "what", or even "why".  

are -- The verb "are ye" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. It is in the second person plural present form. This is not a helping verb creating a passive verb. 

ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

missing "having"  -- (WT) The helping verb, "having," is needed to show the past perfect tense of the verb. 

troubled --(WF) "Troubled" is an adjective form of a Greek verb that means means "stir", "trouble", "agitate", "disturb", "cause relaxation of the bowels", an "trouble the mind." In English, we would say "upset." The form is an adjective describing a action completed in the past, "having been upset". This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having troubled." 

missing "yourselves"-- (WV) A phrase is necessary because the form of the previous verb is a middle voice, which means that the subject is to  act on "yourselves," "for yourselves" or "by yourselves." 

and  -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

missing "by"  -- (MW) The untranslated word "by" with the form of object here means "through,"  "over," " "in the midst of," or "by (a cause)." It indicates movement through a place or time, but it also means "by" the sense of "by means of" a given method. 

why -- This "why" is two Greek words meaning "through what." The "through" means "through," in the midst of," or "by (a cause)." The "what" means primarily "anything" or "anyone," but Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who", "what", or even "why". 

do -- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English.

thoughts -- (WW) "Thoughts" is a noun which means "balancing of accounts", "debate", "argument," and "discussion." It can also mean "balancing of accounts", "calculation," and it is the term for a "circuit court." It isn't usually translated as "thought." This word doesn't mean "thoughts."  

arise -- "Do..arise" is a verb that means "to go up", "to mount," and "to turn up."

in  -- The word translated as "in" also means "within", "with," or "among."

your  -- The word translated as "your" is plural addressing a group of Jesus's listeners. Notice that the following word, however, is singular, not plural.

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. 

hearts -- (WN)"Hearts" is the Greek word that means "heart" both the physical organ and as the seat of emotions, which we discuss in a larger Greek context in this article here.  This noun is not plural, but singular, despite being assigned to the group. This word is not plural but singular. 

EACH WORD of NIV

Why -- The word translated as "why" means primarily "anything" or "anyone," but Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who", "what", or even "why".  

are -- The verb "are ye" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. It is in the second person plural present form. This is not a helping verb creating a passive verb. 

you -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

missing "having"  -- (WT) The helping verb, "having," is needed to show the past perfect tense of the verb. 

troubled --(WF) "Troubled" is an adjective form of a Greek verb that means means "stir", "trouble", "agitate", "disturb", "cause relaxation of the bowels", an "trouble the mind." In English, we would say "upset." The form is an adjective describing a action completed in the past, "having been upset". This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "having troubled." 

missing "yourselves"-- (WV) A phrase is necessary because the form of the previous verb is a middle voice, which means that the subject is to  act on "yourselves," "for yourselves" or "by yourselves." 

and  -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

why -- This "why" is two Greek words meaning "through what." The "through" means "through," in the midst of," or "by (a cause)." The "what" means primarily "anything" or "anyone," but Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who", "what", or even "why". 

do -- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English.

doubts - (WW) "Doubts" is a noun which means "balancing of accounts", "debate", "argument," and "discussion." It can also mean "balancing of accounts", "calculation," and it is the term for a "circuit court." It isn't usually translated as "thought." This word doesn't mean "doubts."  

rise -- "Do..arise" is a verb that means "to go up", "to mount," and "to turn up."

in  -- The word translated as "in" also means "within", "with," or "among."

your  -- The word translated as "your" is plural addressing a group of Jesus's listeners. Notice that the following word, however, is singular, not plural.

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. 

minds-- (WW, WN) "Minds" is the Greek word that means "heart" both the physical organ and as the seat of emotions, which we discuss in a larger Greek context in this article here.  This noun is not plural, but singular, despite being assigned to the group. This word doesn't mean "mind."

COMPARISON: GREEK to KJV

Τί (irreg sg neut nom/acc) "Why" is tis which can mean "someone", "any one", "everyone", "they [indefinite]", "many a one", "whoever", "anyone", "anything", "some sort", "some sort of", "each", "any", "the individual", "such," and so on. In a question, it can mean "who", "why," or "what." -- The Greek word translated as "some" in the singular means "anyone", "someone," and "anything." In the plural, it means "some", "they," and "those."  --

τεταραγμένοι [4 verses]( part pl perf mp masc nom) "Troubled" is from tarasso, which means "stir", "trouble", "agitate", "disturb", "cause relaxation of the bowels", and "trouble the mind."

ἐστέ, (verb 2nd pl pres ind act) "Is" is eimi, which means "to be", "to exist", "to be the case," of circumstance and events "to happen",  and "is possible." (The future form is esomai. The 3rd person present indicative is "esti.") --

καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just." --

διὰ (prep) "Why" is dia (with tis below) which means "through", "in the midst of", "in a line (movement)", "throughout (time)", "by (causal)", "among," and "between." --

τί (irreg sg neut nom/acc) "Why" is tis which can mean "someone", "any one", "everyone", "they [indefinite]", "many a one", "whoever", "anyone", "anything", "some sort", "some sort of", "each", "any", "the individual", "such," and so on. In a question, it can mean "who", "why," or "what." --

διαλογισμοὶ [3 verses] (noun pl masc nom)"Thoughts" is dialogismos , which means "balancing of accounts", "calculation, ""consideration," "debate", "argument," and "discussion." It can also mean and it is the term for a "circuit court" and a :judicial inquiry." It isn't usually translated as "thought." 

ἀναβαίνουσιν ( verb 3rd pl pres ind act ) "Arise" is from anabainô, which means "to go up", "to mount," and "to turn up." It is the word used for mounting a horse, going aboard a ship, or ascending to heaven. For plants, it is used specifically to describe when plants grow on sticks or other plants, entwining them, or "mounting" them.

ἐν (prep) "In" is en, which means "in", "on", "at", "by", "among", "within", "surrounded by", "in one's hands", "in one's power," and "with".

τῇ [821 verses](article sg fem dat)  Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."  -- 

καρδίᾳ (noun sg fem dat) "Of heart" is kardia, which means "heart (the physical organ)", "the seat of emotions (especially passion, rage, and anger)", "inclination", "desire," "purpose", "mind", "the pith (in wood), and "the deep (of the sea)."

ὑμῶν; (pron 2nd pl gen) "Your" is humon, the plural possessive form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you." --

Front Page Date