missing "however"  -- (MW) The untranslated word "however" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better. 

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

missing "sensible"  -- (MW) The untranslated word "sensible" means "in one's right mind," "showing a presence of mind," and "prudent." Again, in referring to teenagers today, we would say "smart" or "sensible."

 ‘No,’   - (WW)  The word translated as "not" is from an adverb, which means "never" and "on no account." Today, we would say "no way!" Literally, the Greek word means "not when."

they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.

replied,  - "Replied" is from a verb that means to "set apart," "choose," "answer" a question, "reject an explanation, and "answer charges," and "defend oneself." In the passive, it means "to be parted or separated" and "to give an answer."  Here, it is used as as a passive participle so "and in the passive so "the one separated out." It has the sense of defending yourself against or siding against someone.

missing "saying"  -- (MW) The untranslated word "saying" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak."

there -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.

may -- This helping verb "may" indicates that the verb indicates a possibility. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

not -- (CW) The "not" here is both of the Greek negatives used together. Greek has two negatives, one objective, one subjective. The use of both together is more extreme, like saying, "never" or literally, "you cannot really think." When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause.

be -- This helping verb indicates the present tense of the verb.

enough  - "Enough" is from the verb  meaning "to ward off," "to keep off," "to suffice for," "to satisfy," "to be enough," and "to endure." But it is in the second-person, singular, future tense.

for -- This word "for" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with,"  "in,"   "of,"  "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context.

us - "Us" is the first person plural pronoun, "we," "us" as an indirect object.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

you:  -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc. 

Instead, - - (CW)  "Instead" is the comparative form of the Greek word that means "very," "exceedingly," "more certainly," "especially," "more," "to a greater degree," and "rather." In this context, the sense is "better." It is not one of the common words translated as "instead."

go  - The Greek verb translated as "go " is the common verb usually translated as "go" in the NT. This word means "to lead over," "depart," and "to carry over." This word, however, uniquely means both "to pursue a course" and "to depart from life."

to  -  The word translated as "to" means "towards," "by reason of (for)," and "against."

those -- The word translated as "those" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

who -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "who" in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than a participle.

sell,  -  (WF) "Sell" is from a word that means "to sell" and "to exchange." It is in the form of an adjective, "selling," uses as a noun, "the ones selling."

oil -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "oil" in the Greek source.

and  - -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

buy  - The word translated as "buy" is the verb form of the noun meaning "marketplace," which means "to occupy a marketplace," "to buy in the market," and "to occupy a marketplace." It is something like the way we use "shop" as the verb form of "shops."

some -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "oil" in the Greek source.

for -- This word "for" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with,"  "in,"   "of,"  "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context.

yourselves.  -- (WF) -- "Yourselves" is a special reflexive pronoun that means "himself," "herself," and so on. Here, it is NOT the second person form, a form Jesus uses rarely, which I have only seen in the singular. This is the third-person, plural, feminine form, "herselves," which is  funny coming from one teen girl to another.