ἀροτριῶντα  [1 verse](part sg pres act masc acc) "Plowing" is arotriaō, which means to "plough" and "till". "Plowing" is a Greek verb used by Jesus only here that means to "plough" and "till". 

ἄροτρον [1 verse](noun sg neut acc) "Plough" is from arotron, which means "plow", (in boxing) "a right-handed blow", and "organs of generation".  -- The word translated as "plough (plow)" means "plow" as in the device for breaking the ground for planting. This is the only time it is used in Jesus's words. Interestingly, it also has a sexual connotation as our English verb does. Here it means "organs of generation". 

“ἄρσεν [2 verses](noun sg neut acc) "Male" is arsen, which means "male," "the male sex," and "the masculine gender." It also means "mighty," "robust,"" "coarse" and "tough," which adds a little perspective to the idea. - "Male" is from a word that means "male," "the male sex," and "the masculine gender." It also means "coarse" and "tough," which adds a little perspective to the idea. It is not the word usually translated as "man" in statements such as "the Son of man," but a word Jesus only uses twice. It came from the Septuagint version of Gen 1:27.

ἄρτι [13 verses](adv) "Now" is arti, which means "just," "exactly," and "just now." -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "now" means "just" or "exactly and "now" in the sense of "just now" when applied to time. It is not the common adverb usually translated as "now" but one that means "just now" or "as yet" implying a change in the future. In English, we say "right now." CW - Confusing Word -- The "now" is not the common word usually translated as "now."

ἄρτους [32 verses](noun pl masc acc)"Bread" is artos, which means specifically a "cake of whole wheat bread," and generally "loaf," and "bread." -- The word translated as "bread" means "small loaf or cake of bread." It is more like a slice of bread today. It describes a thin 1/2 inch thick round or an oblong loaf of wheat bread, meant to be torn into pieces and not cut. It was closer to a flour tortilla or a piece of pan than a loaf of bread. "Bread" is one of Christ's most basic symbols, representing temporary physical nourishment as contrasted with permanent spiritual nourishment.

ἀρτύσετε; [2 verses](verb 2nd pl fut ind act) "Shall be seasoned" is from artyo, which means "arrange", "prepare", "make ready", "dress savoury (meat)", "season", "administer (property)," and "bequeath." -- "Seasoned" is another uncommon verb means "arrange", "prepare", "make ready", "dress savoury (meat)", "season", "administer (property)," and "bequeath."

ἄσβεστον. [1 verse](adj sg neut acc) "Never shall be quenched" is from asbestos which means "unquenchable," and "inextinguishable." -- -- Never shall be quenched" is a single adjective that means "unquenchable," and "inextinguishable." Though an adjective, the preceding article makes it more like a noun, "the unquenchable."

ἀσέλγεια, [1 verse]( noun sg fem nom) "Lasciviousness" is from aselgeia, which means "licentiousness," "wanton violence," and "insolence."

ἀφροσύνη: [1 verse]( noun sg fem nom) "Foolishness" is from aphrosyne, which means "folly" and "thoughtfulness."

ἀσκοὺς [4 verses](noun pl masc acc)  "Bottles" is askos, which means "skin," "hide," "skin made into a bag," "wineskin," "belly," "paunch," and "human skin." -- The term translated as "bottles" means "skins, and describes the leather containers, wine skins, used for wine used in Christ's time. The problem with updating the terms to bottles is that the analogy not longer works. The word also means "human skin" and is a clear metaphor for the container of philosophy: human beings.

ἀσπασμοὺς [4 verses](noun pl masc acc) "Greetings" is aspasmos, which means "greeting," "embrace," and "affection."  - The Greek word translated as "greeting," means "greeting," "embrace," and "affection."

ἀσπάσησθε [3 verses](2nd pl aor subj mp) "Ye salute" is aspazomai, which means "to welcome kindly", "to greet", "to be glad", "to kiss", "to embrace", "to cling fondly to", "to draw to one's self", "to follow eagerly [of things]", "to cleave to [of things], "to receive with joy," and "to salute [from a distance]." -- The word translated as "salute" it is translated as "greet" in most other Bible translated, but the idea is more enthusiastic that that. The word means "draw to yourself." It is used mostly to describe greeting, including the embracing and kissing of a greeting, but it also describe clinging to, and saying goodbye, where there can be embraces as well. It is in the form of either a statement or a command/request.

ἀσσαρίου [3 verses](noun sg neut gen ) "Farthing""Farthing" is assarion, which was one-tenth of a drachma, which was the standard silver coin of Greece. This was a medium sized coin, like our nickel or dime. -- "For a farthing" is the name of a coin of medium value, one that was worth one-tenth of the standard coin (drachma) used in the Greek world but four times more than the smallest coin. It is in the possessive case, which is the source of the "for."

ἀστέρες [2 verses](noun pl masc nom) "Stars" is aster, which means "star," "shooting star," and "meteor" and is used lyrically to refer to flame, light, and fire. It was also used, as in English, to refer to "illustrious" people.

ἀσθένεια [2 verses] (noun sg fem nom) "Sickness" is from astheneia, which means "want of strength", "weakness", "disease", "sickness," [in a moral sense] "feebleness", "to be weak, feeble, or sickly", "to be too weak" [to do a thing], and "decline." -- The Greek word translated as "sickness" more generally means "weakness" and has the sense of a generally failing health rather than a specific disease or health problem.

ἠσθένησα [3 verses](verb 1st sg aor ind act) "Sick" is from astheneo, which means "to be weak," "to be feeble," and "to be sickly."  - Surprisingly, the word used for "sick" is also an uncommon one despite all of Christ's work healing, he only uses it once before. It means "to be weak or sickly."

ἀσθενὴς [5 verses](adj sg masc nom) "Sick" is from asthenes, which means "without strength," "weak", in body "feeble", "sickly", in power, "weak", "feeble", in property, "weak", "poor", and "insignificant."-  - "Sick" is an  adjective meaning "weak," "sickly" "feeble in body," and "insignificant." This is an uncommon word for Jesus.

ἀστραπὴ [4 verses](noun sg fem nom) "Lightning" is from astrapê, which means "a flash of lightning," "lightning," and the "light of a lamp. " It is a metaphor for the "flashing" of the eyes. --  - "Lightening" is "a flash of lightning," "lightning," and the "light of a lamp. " It is a metaphor for the "flashing" of the eyes. (This word is translated in the Bible as lightning three out of four times it appears, but the description of it rising and setting in Matthew 24:27 makes it seem like Jesus uses it to describe the shining of the sun.)

ἄστροις, [1 verse]( noun pl neut dat ) "Stars" is astron, which means "the stars", and, metaphorically, something "brilliant", "admirable".

ἀσύνετοί [2 verse](adj pl masc nom) "Without understanding" is from the Greek, asynetos, which means "stupid" "witless," "void of understanding," "witless," "not able to understand," and, in the passive, "not to be understood, and "unintelligible." Literally, "not" , that is, "intelligence" or "wise."   - "Without understanding" is from a Greek adjective that means "stupid" and "witless," literally "not intelligent." It is from a base word that indicates the ability to put things "together."

ἄτερ [1 verse](prep) "Without" is ater, which means " without" and "apart from."

ἀθετῶν [3 verses](part sg pres act masc nom) "He that rejecteth" is atheteo, which means "to deny", "to disprove", "to cancel", "to render ineffective," and to "break faith with."  - The Greek word translated as "rejecting" means "to deny", "to disapprove of," and "to break faith" with someone.

ἀτιμάσαντες[3 verses]( part pl aor act masc nom ) "Entreated ...shamefully" is from atimazo, which means "to hold in no honor," "to esteem lightly," "to treat as unworthy," and "to bring dishonor upon." -- "Entreated...shamefully" is an uncommon verb which means "to hold in no honor," "to esteem lightly," "to treat as unworthy," and "to bring dishonor upon."  It is in the form of an adjective as well, "dishonoring."

ἠτίμασαν .[1 verse]( verb 3rd pl aor ind act ) "Shamefully handled" is  atimoo, which means "to dishonor", "to suffer indignity," and "to punish with."

ἄτιμος [2 verses](adj sg masc nom) "Without honor" is atimos, which means "dishonored," "unhonored," "not deemed worthy," "deprived of civic rights," "unavenged," "unpunished," and "without value." It is the negative of timos which means having a set value.  - "Without honor" is a Greek word that means, literally, "not valuable" and means "dishonored," "not honored," "not deemed worthy," "deprived of civic rights," "unavenged," "unpunished," and "without value."