ἀροτριῶντα  [1 verse](part sg pres act masc acc) "Plowing" is arotriaō, which means to "plough" and "till". "Plowing" is a Greek verb used by Jesus only here that means to "plough" and "till". 

ἄροτρον [1 verse](noun sg neut acc) "Plough" is from arotron, which means "plow", (in boxing) "a right-handed blow", and "organs of generation".  -- The word translated as "plough (plow)" means "plow" as in the device for breaking the ground for planting. This is the only time it is used in Jesus's words. Interestingly, it also has a sexual connotation as our English verb does. Here it means "organs of generation". 

“ἄρσεν [2 verses](noun sg neut acc) "Male" is arsen, which means "male," "the male sex," and "the masculine gender." It also means "mighty," "robust,"" "coarse" and "tough," which adds a little perspective to the idea. - "Male" is from a word that means "male," "the male sex," and "the masculine gender." It also means "coarse" and "tough," which adds a little perspective to the idea. It is not the word usually translated as "man" in statements such as "the Son of man," but a word Jesus only uses twice. It came from the Septuagint version of Gen 1:27.

ἄρτι [13 verses](adv) "Now" is arti, which means "just," "exactly," and "just now." -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "now" means "just" or "exactly and "now" in the sense of "just now" when applied to time. It is not the common adverb usually translated as "now" but one that means "just now" or "as yet" implying a change in the future. In English, we say "right now." CW - Confusing Word -- The "now" is not the common word usually translated as "now."

ἄρτους [32 verses](noun pl masc acc)"Bread" is artos, which means specifically a "cake of whole wheat bread," and generally "loaf," and "bread." -- The word translated as "bread" means "small loaf or cake of bread." It is more like a slice of bread today. It describes a thin 1/2 inch thick round or an oblong loaf of wheat bread, meant to be torn into pieces and not cut. It was closer to a flour tortilla or a piece of pan than a loaf of bread. "Bread" is one of Christ's most basic symbols, representing temporary physical nourishment as contrasted with permanent spiritual nourishment.

ἀρτύσετε; [2 verses](verb 2nd pl fut ind act) "Shall be seasoned" is from artyo, which means "arrange", "prepare", "make ready", "dress savoury (meat)", "season", "administer (property)," and "bequeath." -- "Seasoned" is another uncommon verb means "arrange", "prepare", "make ready", "dress savoury (meat)", "season", "administer (property)," and "bequeath."

ἄσβεστον. [1 verse](adj sg neut acc) "Never shall be quenched" is from asbestos which means "unquenchable," and "inextinguishable." -- -- Never shall be quenched" is a single adjective that means "unquenchable," and "inextinguishable." Though an adjective, the preceding article makes it more like a noun, "the unquenchable."

ἀσέλγεια, [1 verse]( noun sg fem nom) "Lasciviousness" is from aselgeia, which means "licentiousness," "wanton violence," and "insolence."

ἀφροσύνη: [1 verse]( noun sg fem nom) "Foolishness" is from aphrosyne, which means "folly" and "thoughtfulness."

ἀσκοὺς [4 verses](noun pl masc acc)  "Bottles" is askos, which means "skin," "hide," "skin made into a bag," "wineskin," "belly," "paunch," and "human skin." -- The term translated as "bottles" means "skins, and describes the leather containers, wine skins, used for wine used in Christ's time. The problem with updating the terms to bottles is that the analogy not longer works. The word also means "human skin" and is a clear metaphor for the container of philosophy: human beings.

ἀσπασμοὺς [4 verses](noun pl masc acc) "Greetings" is aspasmos, which means "greeting," "embrace," and "affection."  - The Greek word translated as "greeting," means "greeting," "embrace," and "affection."

ἀσπάσησθε [3 verses](2nd pl aor subj mp) "Ye salute" is aspazomai, which means "to welcome kindly", "to greet", "to be glad", "to kiss", "to embrace", "to cling fondly to", "to draw to one's self", "to follow eagerly [of things]", "to cleave to [of things], "to receive with joy," and "to salute [from a distance]." -- The word translated as "salute" it is translated as "greet" in most other Bible translated, but the idea is more enthusiastic that that. The word means "draw to yourself." It is used mostly to describe greeting, including the embracing and kissing of a greeting, but it also describe clinging to, and saying goodbye, where there can be embraces as well. It is in the form of either a statement or a command/request.

ἀσσαρίου [3 verses](noun sg neut gen ) "Farthing""Farthing" is assarion, which was one-tenth of a drachma, which was the standard silver coin of Greece. This was a medium sized coin, like our nickel or dime. -- "For a farthing" is the name of a coin of medium value, one that was worth one-tenth of the standard coin (drachma) used in the Greek world but four times more than the smallest coin. It is in the possessive case, which is the source of the "for."

ἀστέρες [2 verses](noun pl masc nom) "Stars" is aster, which means "star," "shooting star," and "meteor" and is used lyrically to refer to flame, light, and fire. It was also used, as in English, to refer to "illustrious" people.

ἀσθένεια [2 verses] (noun sg fem nom) "Sickness" is from astheneia, which means "want of strength", "weakness", "disease", "sickness," [in a moral sense] "feebleness", "to be weak, feeble, or sickly", "to be too weak" [to do a thing], and "decline." -- The Greek word translated as "sickness" more generally means "weakness" and has the sense of a generally failing health rather than a specific disease or health problem.

ἠσθένησα [3 verses](verb 1st sg aor ind act) "Sick" is from astheneo, which means "to be weak," "to be feeble," and "to be sickly."  - Surprisingly, the word used for "sick" is also an uncommon one despite all of Christ's work healing, he only uses it once before. It means "to be weak or sickly."

ἀσθενὴς [5 verses](adj sg masc nom) "Sick" is from asthenes, which means "without strength," "weak", in body "feeble", "sickly", in power, "weak", "feeble", in property, "weak", "poor", and "insignificant."-  - "Sick" is an  adjective meaning "weak," "sickly" "feeble in body," and "insignificant." This is an uncommon word for Jesus.

ἀστραπὴ [4 verses](noun sg fem nom) "Lightning" is from astrapê, which means "a flash of lightning," "lightning," and the "light of a lamp. " It is a metaphor for the "flashing" of the eyes. --  - "Lightening" is "a flash of lightning," "lightning," and the "light of a lamp. " It is a metaphor for the "flashing" of the eyes. (This word is translated in the Bible as lightning three out of four times it appears, but the description of it rising and setting in Matthew 24:27 makes it seem like Jesus uses it to describe the shining of the sun.)

ἄστροις, [1 verse]( noun pl neut dat ) "Stars" is astron, which means "the stars", and, metaphorically, something "brilliant", "admirable".

ἀσύνετοί [2 verse](adj pl masc nom) "Without understanding" is from the Greek, asynetos, which means "stupid" "witless," "void of understanding," "witless," "not able to understand," and, in the passive, "not to be understood, and "unintelligible." Literally, "not" , that is, "intelligence" or "wise."   - "Without understanding" is from a Greek adjective that means "stupid" and "witless," literally "not intelligent." It is from a base word that indicates the ability to put things "together."

ἄτερ [1 verse](prep) "Without" is ater, which means " without" and "apart from."

ἀθετῶν [3 verses](part sg pres act masc nom) "He that rejecteth" is atheteo, which means "to deny", "to disprove", "to cancel", "to render ineffective," and to "break faith with."  - The Greek word translated as "rejecting" means "to deny", "to disapprove of," and "to break faith" with someone.

ἀτιμάσαντες[3 verses]( part pl aor act masc nom ) "Entreated ...shamefully" is from atimazo, which means "to hold in no honor," "to esteem lightly," "to treat as unworthy," and "to bring dishonor upon." -- "Entreated...shamefully" is an uncommon verb which means "to hold in no honor," "to esteem lightly," "to treat as unworthy," and "to bring dishonor upon."  It is in the form of an adjective as well, "dishonoring."

ἠτίμασαν .[1 verse]( verb 3rd pl aor ind act ) "Shamefully handled" is  atimoo, which means "to dishonor", "to suffer indignity," and "to punish with."

ἄτιμος [2 verses](adj sg masc nom) "Without honor" is atimos, which means "dishonored," "unhonored," "not deemed worthy," "deprived of civic rights," "unavenged," "unpunished," and "without value." It is the negative of timos which means having a set value.  - "Without honor" is a Greek word that means, literally, "not valuable" and means "dishonored," "not honored," "not deemed worthy," "deprived of civic rights," "unavenged," "unpunished," and "without value."

αὐλὴν [3 verses](noun sg fem acc)  "Sheepfold" is from aule, which means "courtyard", "court", "housing for domesticated animals", "central courtyard of a house," generally, "dwelling", "abode", "chamber."  -   "Fold" is from a noun that means "courtyard", "court", "housing for domesticated animals", "central courtyard of a house," generally, "dwelling", "abode", "chamber."

‘ Ηὐλήσαμεν [2 verses](1st pl aor ind act) "We have piped" is from auleo, which means to "play on the flute," "fill with music," "play to (persons)," generally, "play," and, in the passive, "be played to," and "hear music."  - "We have piped" is a word that means specifically to "play on the flute," and generally, "play music." It is in a tense that indicates something happening at a specific point in time.

αὔριον [6 verses](adv) "To morrow" is from aurion, which means "tomorrow," "tomorrow at this time", and, as an adverb, "on the morrow", "till morning", "presently," and "shortly." -- The term translated as "the morrow," may be the closest Greek comes to "tomorrow," but the form is an adverb. However, it is introduced by an article ("the") which allows it to act like a noun. The word is an adverb meaning something more like "until tomorrow", "until the morning" meaning "shortly" or "presently." Unlike the noun "tomorrow" in English, this adverb doesn't take in the entire future like we use "tomorrow" to mean "the future". This Greek word always communicates the idea of "in a short time." The term indicates not now but the immediate future.

αὐστηρός [2 verses]( adj sg masc nom ) "Austere" is austēros, which means "harsh", "rough" and "bitter". -- "Austere" is an adjective that Jesus only uses in this story. It means "harsh", "rough" and "bitter". "Austere" is a kind interpretation of this word. 

αὐτὰ [27 verses](adj pl neut acc) "Them"  is auta, in the form of the plural, neuter pronoun "them" in the form of a direct object.  -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English in the form of a plural object of a verb or preposition for a neuter noun. When used as a noun, it is preceded by a definite article, and it means "the same."As the object of a preposition, an accusative object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement.

αὗταί ( adj pl fem nom ) "These"  is autai, in the form of the plural, neuter pronoun "them" in the form of a subject.  -- The word translated as "these " is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English in the form of a plural subject of a verb.

αὐτὴ [42 verses]( adv/adj sg fem nom ) "She/" is aute, which means is the singular adjective used as the subject pronoun in the feminine.  It also means "it" because feminine pronouns refer to things or ideas as much as to people.  This is also the adverbial form meaning "there." When used as a noun, it is preceded by a definite article, and it means "the same." However, feminine pronouns refer to feminine nouns, not just feminine people so this word can mean "it" as well as "she." -- The word translated as "she" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. This is also the adverb meaning "here" or "there."  The form is the singular subject of the sentence, and it is feminine. Since Greek active verbs include the singular form of the subject, when the subject is clear, this pronoun can be repetitive, emphasizing the subject. This is how we say "she herself" and "it itself" to emphasize the subject.  missing "herself/itself" -- (MW)  The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "she herself." MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "herself/ itself" after "she/it" for emphasis. missing "she" -- (MW)  The subjective earlier pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated before the verb for emphasis. MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "she" before the verb for emphasis.

OR

αὐτῇ [42 verses](adj sg fem dat ) "She/It" is aute, which means is the singular adjective used as the indirect object pronoun in the feminine.  It also means "it" because feminine pronouns refer to things or ideas as much as to people.  When used as a noun, it is preceded by a definite article, and it means "the same." However, feminine pronouns refer to feminine nouns, not just feminine people so this word can mean "it" as well as "she." A dative object of a preposition implies no movement but in a fixed position. With the "to be," it acts as a possessive, "his."-- The word translated as "she" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English in the form of an indirect object. 

αὐτὴν [39 verses](adj sg fem acc) "It"  is auten, in the form of the singular, object, feminine pronoun "her/it." It refers to feminine nouns not just female people, so it is translated as both "she" or "it" depending on the context.   When used as a noun, it is preceded by a definite article, and it means "the same." As the object of a preposition, an accusative object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. -- The word translated as "it" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English in the form of a singular object of a verb or preposition. It refers to feminine nouns not just female people, so it is translated as both "she" or "it" depending on the context.

αὐτῷ [106 verses](pron/adj sg masc/neut dat) "Him" is  is auto, the dative case of the third-person, singular adjective that is used as a pronoun. The word also means "the same,""one's true self," and "the soul" as opposed to the body. It also means "of one's own accord." The form is the third person, plural as an indirect object of the verb or the object of a preposition.  When used as a noun, it is preceded by a definite article, and it means "the same."A dative object of a preposition implies no movement but in a fixed position. With the "to be," it acts as a possessive, "his."--  The word translated as "him" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person,  indirect object pronoun.

αὐτό   [24 verses](pron/adj sg neut nom/acc) "It" is auto, which means "it," the neuter pronoun as a subject or object. It also means "itself," and "the same." When used as a noun, it is preceded by a definite article, and it means "the same." An accusative object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Event may show the amount of time -- The word translated as "it" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.  Here it is neuter in the form of a subject or object of a verb or preposition.  

αὐτοὶ [32 verses](pron/adj pl masc nom) "Ourselves" is autoi. the nominative case of the third-person, plural adjective that means "themselves," "ourselves," "yourselves," "the same," "one's true self," and "the soul" as opposed to the body. It also means "of one's own accord."  While other forms of this word are used as pronouns, this form is used for emphasis, since the subject pronoun is part of the verb. -- they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb. - missing "themselves" -- (MW)   "Themselves" is the nominative case of the third-person, plural adjective that means "themselves," "ourselves,""yourselves," "the same," "one's true self," and "the soul" as opposed to the body. While other forms of this word are used as pronouns, this form is used for emphasis, since the subject pronoun is part of the verb. Without a verb, the sense is "they are." -- MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "themselves" after "they" for emphasis.

αὐτοῖς [55 verses](pron/adj pl masc dat) "Them" is autois, the dative, plural case of the third-person, plural adjective that is used as a pronoun. The word also means "the same,""one's true self," and "the soul" as opposed to the body. It also means "of one's own accord." A dative object of a preposition implies no movement but in a fixed position. -- The word translated as "them" or "to them" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, plural as an indirect object of the verb or the object of a preposition.

αὐτομάτη [1 verse](adj sg fem nom or verb 3rd sg imperf ind act) "Of herself" is either the adjective, automatos,  that means "of one's own will", "spontaneously", "happening of themselves", "without visible cause," and "accidental" or it is automateo,  which is form of the verb αὐτοματίζω (automatizo) that means to "act of oneself," "act offhand," "happen of themselves", and "act spontaneously."  - "Of herself" is  unique word that Jesus only uses here. It is likely a play on words. It can be either an adjective  that means "of one's own will", "spontaneously", and "happening of themselves" modifying "earth",  or it is a verb that means to "act of oneself," "act offhand," "happen of themselves", and "act spontaneously." This word begins the sentence.

αὐτῶν [86 verses](pron/adj pl masc/fem/neut gen) "Their" is auton, is the genitive case of the third-person, plural adjective that is used as a pronoun. The word also means "the same," "one's true self," and "the soul" as opposed to the body. It also means "of one's own accord." -- The word translated as "their" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, plural in the genitive form. It is used as a possessive or the object of a verb or preposition.  As a preposition's object means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. This pronoun follows the noun so "of theirs."

αὐτὸν [124 verses](pron/adj sg masc acc) "Him/It" is auton, is the masculine, accusative case of the third-person, singular adjective that is used as a pronoun. Masculine pronouns can refer to things as well as people, so it can be it."  The word also means "the same," and "of one's own accord." An accusative object of a preposition indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Event may show the amount of time.  However, masculine pronouns refer to masculine nouns, not just masculine people so this word can mean "it" as well as "he." As a preposition's object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Events may show the amount of time. -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition. 

αὐτος [20 verses](adj sg masc nom) "He/It" is autos, which means is the singular adjective used as the subject pronoun in the masculine.  It also means "it" because masculine pronouns refer to things or ideas as much as to people.  -- The word translated as "he/it" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.  The forme is the singular subject for the sentence, and it is masculine. However, masculine pronouns refer to masculine nouns, not just masculine people so this word can mean "it" as well as "he." Since Greek active verbs include the singular form of the subject, when the subject is clear, this pronoun can be repetitive, emphasizing the subject. This is how we say "he himself" and "it itself" to emphasize the subject. missing "himself/itself" -- (MW)  The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "he himself or "it itself." MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "himself/itself" after "he/it " for emphasis.

αὐτοὺς [62 verses](pron pl masc acc) "Them"  is autous, in the form of the plural, masculine pronoun "them" in the form of a direct object.  An accusative object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Event may show the amount of time. As the object of a preposition, an accusative object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English in the form of a plural object of a verb or preposition.

αὐξηθῇ [6 verses](verb 3rd sg aor subj pass) "It is grown"  is auxano, which means to "increase," "increase in power," "strengthen," "exalt by one's deeds," "glorify," "exalt by one's deeds," "glorify," "amplify," "exaggerate," "bring up," and "sacrifice." In the passive, it means "grow," and "increase" is size, strength, or power. -- "It is grown" is from a Greek verb that means "to grow large," "to increase in power," and "to grow up."

ἀξία, [12 verses](adj sg fem nom) "Worth" is axios, which means "counterbalancing," "weighing as much," "of like value," "worth as much as," "worthy," "goodly," "deserved," "due," "worthy," "estimable," "worthy of," "deserving," "fit," "due," and "as deserved." -- The word translated here as "worthy" means "counterbalancing." It is the idea of weighing the same as something of equal value. From this comes the idea of "being worthy" or "due," not from inherent worth but because you give value for equal value. 

βαλλάντιον, [4 verses](noun sg neut acc) "Purse" is from ballantion, which means "bag", "pouch", and "purse." -- The Greek word translated as "purse" here means "bag", "pouch", and "purse." This word is only used in Luke, for the first time here. 

ἔβαλον. [54 verses](verb 3rd pl aor ind act) "Cast" is ballo, which means "to throw," "to let fall," "to cast," "to put," "to pour," "to place money on deposit," "push forward or in front [of animals]," "to shed," "to place," "to pay,"to throw [of dice,]" "to be lucky," "to fall," "to lay as foundation," "to begin to form," "to dash oneself with water," and "to bathe." -- The word translated as "cast" has a number of meanings revolving around "throw" as we do in English with both "throw" and "toss." Jesus often uses this word in the same way we use "dump" in English. It is a word that he frequently uses in a light-hearted way. In dice, it means "to throw" the dice, but with the sense of being lucky. See this article about a related word.

βάπτισμα [6 verses](noun sg neut nom/acc) "Baptism" is baptisma, which is only in the New Testament and means means "dipping" and "dunking." - - (UW)The Greek noun for "baptism" appears for the first time in the NT. However, it comes from a Greek verb that means to "dip" or "to plunge" and was used for many different ideas ranging a town being "flooded" to a person being "drown" and from someone being "over their heads" in debt to "getting in deep water."  It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English. UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "baptism" means "dunking." It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English.

βαπτιστοῦ: [3 verses](noun sg masc gen) "The baptist" is from baptistes, which means "one who dips," and "baptizer."  - - "The Baptist" is a noun that means "one who dips." In English, we would say "the Dipper" or "the Dunker."