Jesus leads apostles to Jerusalem.
Luke 18:32 For he shall be delivered unto the Gentiles, and shall be mocked, and spitefully entreated, and spitted on:
Luke 18:32 He will be delivered over to the Gentiles. They will mock him, insult him and spit on him;
Since he will be given over to the foreigners, and he will be mocked and ridiculed and spit upon.
The KJV translation is error-free. The more recent NIV is filled with translation errors because it changes all the passive verbs, except for the first one, to active verbs, adding subject and objects to make them work. This puts the emphasis on the foreigners doing these things rather than on Jesus as the victim. What happened to Jesus was more important that who did it.
What happened to Jesus was more important that who did it.
παραδοθήσεται γὰρ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν καὶ ἐμπαιχθήσεται καὶ ὑβρισθήσεται
he will be given over Since to the foreigners, and he will be mocked and ridiculed
καὶ ἐμπτυσθήσεται,
and spit upon.
For he shall be delivered unto the Gentiles, and shall be mocked, and spitefully entreated, and spitted on:
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "for" at the beginning of the sentence is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" after "Gentiles" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "they" doesn't exist in the source.
- WV --Wrong Voice - The "mock" here is translated as active but it is passive.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "him" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" after "him" is not shown in the English translation.
- WV --Wrong Voice - The "insult" here is translated as active but it is passive.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "him" doesn't exist in the source.
- WV --Wrong Voice - The "spit on" here is translated as active but it is passive.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The last "him" doesn't exist in the source.
For -- The word translated as "for" introduces a reason or explanation so "because" and, in questions, "why". However, since this word always appears in the second position, it is more like an aside remark like, "consequently" or "as a cause".
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
delivered "Delivered" is a compound word that literally means "to give over". It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no historical sense of denouncing someone, though it may have acquired that sense from the Gospels. . Its meaning is the idea of transmitting, and handing over. It can even be used in a positive sense, such as "bestowing" a gift. Though in this context, the sense is probably "handing one" over to authorities.
unto -- This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with", "in", "of", "as", "by", "for", "at" or "on" depending on the context.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more.
Gentiles -- The word translated as "unto the Gentiles" means "a group of people living together", "a nation", "a tribe", or "a cast of people". Later it came to mean "barbarous nations" similar to our idea of ethnic people. For the Judeans, it meant "non-Judean".
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also".
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
mocked -- "Mocked" is a Greek verb that means "to mock" and "to sport in". In the passive, it means "to be deluded" and "to be defrauded" of the revenues,
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also".
spitefully entreated -- "Spitefully entreated", is a verb that describes overfed asses as braying and prancing around and means "running riot" and in the transitive, as it is here, "treat despitefully", "outrage", "insult", "maltreat" and "injuring someone".
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also".
spitted on -- "Spitted on" is a verb that means "spit into" and "spit onto".
missing "for" -- (MW) The untranslated word "for" introduces a reason or explanation so "because" and, in questions, "why". However, since this word always appears in the second position, it is more like an aside remark like, "consequently" or "as a cause".
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
delivered over -- "Delivered over" is a compound word that literally means "to give over". It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no historical sense of denouncing someone, though it may have acquired that sense from the Gospels. . Its meaning is the idea of transmitting, and handing over. It can even be used in a positive sense, such as "bestowing" a gift. Though in this context, the sense is probably "handing one" over to authorities.
to -- This word "over" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with", "in", "of", "as", "by", "for", "at", or "on" depending on the context.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those") than the English "the". See this article for more.
Gentiles -- The word translated as "unto the Gentiles" means "a group of people living together", "a nation", "a tribe" or "a cast of people". Later it came to mean "barbarous nations" similar to our idea of ethnic people. For the Judeans, it meant "non-Judean".
missing "and" -- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also".
They -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
will -- This helping verb "shall" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
mock -- (WV) "Mocked" is a Greek verb that means "to mock" and "to sport in". In the passive, it means "to be deluded" and "to be defrauded" of the revenues. The verb here is translated as active but it is passive.
him -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
missing "and" -- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also".
insult -- - (WV) ""Insult " is a verb that describes overfed asses as braying and prancing around and means "running riot," and in the transitive, as it is here, "treat despitefully", "outrage", "insult", "maltreat" and "injuring someone". The verb here is translated as active but it is passive.
him -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also".
spitted on -- - (WV) ""Spitted on" is a verb that means "spit into" and "spit onto". The verb here is translated as active but it is passive.
him -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
παραδοθήσεται (verb 3rd sg fut ind pass) "He shall be delivered up" is paradidomi, which means "to give over to another", "to transmit", "to hand down", "to grant", "to teach" and "to bestow".
γὰρ (partic) "For" comes from gar which is the introduction of a clause explaining a reason or explanation: "for", "since" and "as." In an abrupt question, it means "why" and "what".
τοῖς [821 verses](article pl masc dat) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
ἔθνεσιν (noun pl masc dat) "The gentiles" is ethnos, which means "a number of people living together", "company", "body of men", "tribe", "a people", "nation" and (later) "foreign, barbarous nations".
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
ἐμπαιχθήσεται [4 verses]( verb 3rd sg fut ind pass ) "Shall be mocked" is empaizo, which means "to mock" and "to sport in". In the passive, it means "to be deluded" and "to be defrauded" of the revenues. -- "Mock" is an uncommon (for Jesus) verb that means "to mock" and "to sport in". In the passive as it is here, it also means "to be deluded", and "to be defrauded" of the revenues. Translating it as "jeer at" may work better when used with an indirect object,
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
ὑβρισθήσεται [2 verses] (verb 3rd pl aor ind act) "spitefully entreated" is from hubrizô, which means "wax wanton", "run riot", of over-fed asses, "neigh or bray and prance about", "to treat despitefully", "to outrage", "to insult", "to do one a personal injury" and "to mistreat". -- "Spitefully entreated", is a verb that describes overfed asses as braying and prancing around and means "running riot" and in the transitive, as it is here, "treat despitefully", "outrage", "insult", "maltreat" and "injuring someone".
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just". -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". After words implying sameness "as".
ἐμπτυσθήσεται,[2 verses] ( verb 3rd sg fut ind pass ) "Spitted upon" is emptyo, which means "spit into" and "spit onto". - "Spit upon" is another uncommon verb for Jesus that means "spit into" and "spit onto." In the Greek, this verb comes before, not after, the "scourge" verb.