After Jesus appoints the seventy and is sending them out.
Luke 10:11 Even the very dust of your city, which cleaveth on us, we do wipe off against you: notwithstanding be ye sure of this, that the kingdom of God is come nigh unto you.
Luke 10:11 ‘Even the dust of your town we wipe from our feet as a warning to you. Yet be sure of this: The kingdom of God has come near.’
Even this dust, that sticking to us, from this city of yours to these feet? We wipe clean of you. Except know these things that it has neared, this realm of the Divine.
This verse are many uncommon words and one unique word, the one translated as "wipe off" is only used here by Jesus in the gospels. This verse is complicated but fun. The Greek word translated as "dust" means a cloud of dust or dirt. It is also a metaphor for a dirty person. The verse balances "from this city of your" against "to these feet." These phrases disappear in translation.
However, the punchline is that, no matter how bad the city is, the same message needs to be delivered to it.
Whatever happens, stay on message.
Καὶ τὸν κονιορτὸν τὸν κολληθέντα ἡμῖν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὑμῶν εἰς τοὺς πόδας
Even this dust, that sticking to us, from this city of yours to these feet?
ἀπομασσόμεθα ὑμῖν: πλὴν τοῦτο γινώσκετε ὅτι ἤγγικεν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ.
We wipe clean of you. Yet these things know that it has neared this realm of the Divine.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "very" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "of" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "city" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "which."
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "cleave" is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
- OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek missing word "to these feet" is in the source we use today.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The dative doesn't commonly means "against."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This verb doesn't really means "sure of."
- WN --Wrong Number- The word "this" is translated as plural but the Greek word is singular.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "God" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not related to the word usually translated as "come."
- OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek word translated as "unto you" existed in the KJV Greek source but not the source we use today.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "of" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "town" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "that" before "sticking" is not shown in the English translation
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "sticking" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "on us" is not shown in the English translation.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "from" should be something more like "to."
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "our" should be something more like "the."
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "as a warning" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This verb doesn't really means "sure of."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "that" is not shown in the English translation.
- WN --Wrong Number- The word "this" is translated as plural but the Greek word is singular.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "God" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not related to the word usually translated as "come."
Even -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
very -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
dust -- The word translated as "dust" means a cloud of dust or dirt. It is also a metaphor for a dirty fellow.
of -- (CW) The Greek preposition translated as "of" means "out of" or "from." The word also means "beyond," "on," "in," "since," or "by"based upon its context, but it indicates separation "from" something rather than being a part "of" it like "of" does. It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs.
your -- The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the possessive (genitive) case. This pronoun follows the noun so the possessive "of yours."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
city, -- The Greek word for "city" meant not only a city but a nation, culture, or a society. It worked something like the word "community" today.
which -- (CW) The word translated as "which" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "which."
cleaveth - (WF) "Cleave" is from a verb that means "to glue to or on," "to join (two substances)," "unite" and "to be stuck to" or "to be glued to." It is in the future tense. This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
on -- This word "on" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with," "in," "of," "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context.
us, - "On us" is the first person plural pronoun, "we," "us" as an indirect object.
missing "to these feet " -- -- (OS) The untranslated phrase is the "to these feet ."
we - This is from the first-person, plural form of the verb.
do -- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English.
wipe off -- The Greek word translated as "We wipe off" means "wipe off", "wipe clean", "level" a measure, "take an impression of" (sculpture), "copy", and "imitate". This word is used uniquely here by Jesus.
against -- (CW) This word "against" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with," "in," "of," "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context. However, the dative doesn't commonly means "against."
you -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc. As the object of a preposition, this form implies no movement, but in a fixed position or events occur at a specified time or while the action was being performed. With the "to be," it acts as a possessive, "yours."
notwithstanding -- The word translated as "notwithstanding" is a less common preposition used like a conjunction that means "except," "save."
be- This helping verb indicates the present tense of the verb.
ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.
sure of -- (CW) "Sure of" is a verb that means "to learn to know,""to know," "to recognize," "make known," "to know carnally," and "to learn." The idea of "learn" seems to translate this word better so it isn't confused with the verb meaning "have seen" which is also used to mean "know." This verb is more versatile because it can be used in more tenses.
this, -- (WN) The word translated as "this" means "from here" "from there" or "this/that thing/person here/there." In the neuter plural form, used here, it is often used as the object of the verb to mean "these things." This word is not plural but singular.
that -- The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore." Jesus usually uses this word to mean "because" in statements that seem like an answer to a question because of the change of context.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
kingdom -- The word translated as "kingdom" can be the region, the reign, the castle or the authority of a ruler. Christ does not seem to use it to mean a physical region, so its translation as "reign" or "realm" seems more appropriate. This is especially true because the "reign" of a king means the execution of his will.
of -- This word comes from the genitive case of the following word(s) that required the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons), or "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs.
missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
God. -- The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity." It is introduced with an article, so "the God." Jesus often uses it this way perhaps to indicate the one God as opposed to the pagan gods.
is -- (WT) This helping verb indicates the present tense of the verb. This verb is in the past, perfect tense so "has" is correct. WT - Wrong Tense - The "is" indicates the present tense but the tense is past perfect.
come -- The word translated as "is at hand" is the verb form of an adverb that means "near" in space, time, and relationships. It means "to bring near," "to approach," "to bring up to," and "to be imminent." In English, we would say "nears" or, in the form here, "has neared," doesn't quite work so perhaps "has gotten close" or, in the case of time, "is nearly here." This is the same verb that is translated as "is at hand" in the phrase, "The kingdom of heaven is at hand." It is not seen in written Greek before Jesus and used by him only seventeen times. This is not related to the word usually translated as "come."
nigh - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the root.
unto you. -- (OS) There is nothing in the Greek that can be translated as this in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used.
Even -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
dust -- The word translated as "dust" means a cloud of dust or dirt. It is also a metaphor for a dirty fellow.
of -- (CW) The Greek preposition translated as "of" means "out of" or "from." The word also means "beyond," "on," "in," "since," or "by"based upon its context, but it indicates separation "from" something rather than being a part "of" it like "of" does. It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs.
your -- The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the possessive (genitive) case. This pronoun follows the noun so the possessive "of yours."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
town -- The Greek word for "town " meant not only a city but a nation, culture, or a society. It worked something like the word "community" today.
missing "that" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. .
missing "sticking" -- (MW) The untranslated word "to glue to or on," "to join (two substances)," "unite" and "to be stuck to" or "to be glued to." It is in the future tense. This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
missing "on us" -- (MW) The untranslated word "on us" is the first person plural pronoun, "we," "us" as an indirect object.
we - This is from the first-person, plural form of the verb.
wipe - The Greek word translated as "We wipe off" means "wipe off", "wipe clean", "level" a measure, "take an impression of" (sculpture), "copy", and "imitate". This word is used uniquely here by Jesus.
from -- (WW) The word translated as "from" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in" (a position), "as much as (of measure or limit)," "in regards to" a subject, "up to" limits in measures, "until" in reference to time, "within" a time limit, and "for" a purpose or object. Here, it is used with the Greek "from" to means "from...to."
our -- (WW) The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
feet -- The word translated as "feet" refers to human feet, birds's talons, and trampling things.
as a warning -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
to This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
you -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc. As the object of a preposition, this form implies no movement, but in a fixed position or events occur at a specified time or while the action was being performed. With the "to be," it acts as a possessive, "yours."
Yet -- The word translated as "yet" is a less common preposition used like a conjunction that means "except," "save," with an object in the form usually translated as "possessive," or "besides," and "in addition to" without.
be- This helping verb indicates the present tense of the verb.
sure of -- (CW) "Sure of" is a verb that means "to learn to know,""to know," "to recognize," "make known," "to know carnally," and "to learn." The idea of "learn" seems to translate this word better so it isn't confused with the verb meaning "have seen" which is also used to mean "know." This verb is more versatile because it can be used in more tenses.
this, -- (WN) The word translated as "this" means "from here" "from there" or "this/that thing/person here/there." In the neuter plural form, used here, it is often used as the object of the verb to mean "these things." This word is not plural but singular.
missing "that" -- (MW) The untranslated word "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore." Jesus usually uses this word to mean "because" in statements that seem like an answer to a question because of the change of context.
The -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
kingdom -- The word translated as "kingdom" can be the region, the reign, the castle or the authority of a ruler. Christ does not seem to use it to mean a physical region, so its translation as "reign" or "realm" seems more appropriate. This is especially true because the "reign" of a king means the execution of his will.
of -- This word comes from the genitive case of the following word(s) that required the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons), or "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs.
missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
God. -- The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity." It is introduced with an article, so "the God." Jesus often uses it this way perhaps to indicate the one God as opposed to the pagan gods.
has -- This helping verb indicates the past, perfect tense of the verb.
come -- The word translated as "is at hand" is the verb form of an adverb that means "near" in space, time, and relationships. It means "to bring near," "to approach," "to bring up to," and "to be imminent." In English, we would say "nears" or, in the form here, "has neared," doesn't quite work so perhaps "has gotten close" or, in the case of time, "is nearly here." This is the same verb that is translated as "is at hand" in the phrase, "The kingdom of heaven is at hand." It is not seen in written Greek before Jesus and used by him only seventeen times. This is not related to the word usually translated as "come."
near - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the root.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "Even" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
τὸν [821 verses](article sg masc acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
κονιορτὸν [3 verses](noun sg masc acc) "Dust" is from koniortos, which means "dust raised or stirred up", "cloud of dust," and more generally,"dirt," or "sweepings," and, as a metaphor, "dirty fellow."
τὸν [821 verses](article sg masc acc) "Which" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
κολληθέντα [2 verses]](part sg aor pass masc acc ) "Which cleaveth" is kollao, which means to "glue," "cement," "mend (a broken vessel)," "join (substance to another)," generally, "join fast together," "unite," and in the passive, to "cleave to," and "is indissolubly bound to."
ἡμῖν [15 verses](pron 1st pl masc/fem dat) "Us" is from hemin, which is the first person plural dative pronoun, "to us." A dative object of a preposition implies no movement but in a fixed position. Event occurs at a specified time or while the action was being performed.
ἐκ [121 verses] (prep) "Of" is ek, which means 1) [of motion] "out of," "from," "by," "away from;" 2) [of place] "beyond," "outside of," "beyond;" 3) [of succession] "after," "from;" 4) [of rest] "on," "in," 5) [of time] "since," "from," "at," "in;" 7) [of materials] "out of," "made from;" 7) cause, instrument, or means "by." It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs.
τῆς [821 verses](article sg fem) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article. -
πόλεως [26 verses](noun sg fem gen) "City" is polis, which means "city," "citadel," "one's city," "one's country," "community," "state," "state affairs," and "civic duties."
ὑμῶν [168 verses](pron 2nd pl gen) "Your/you" is humon, the plural possessive form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you." It is either a possessive pronoun or the object of a preposition. As an object of a preposition, the genitive indicates movement away or a position away from something.
εἰς [325 verses](prep) "From" is eis, which means "into (of place)," "up to (of time)," used with ek, to means "from...to," "until (of time)," "in" (a position), "as much as (of measure or limit)," "as far as (of measure or limit)," "towards (to express relation)," "in regard to (to express relation)," "of an end or limit," and "for (of purpose or object)."
τοὺς [821 verses](article sg fem) "Our" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article. -
πόδας [19 verses] (noun pl masc acc) Untranslated is pous, which means a "foot," "a talon [of a bird]," and the concept of "to trample" or "to tred upon."
ἀπομασσόμεθα [1 verse](verb 1st pl pres ind mp) "We do wipe off" is from apomasso, which means "wipe off", "wipe clean", "level" a measure, "take an impression of" (sculpture), "copy", and "imitate".
ὑμῖν [289 verses](pron 2nd pl dat) "To you" is humin the plural form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you."
πλὴν [20 verses](prep/adv) "Notwithstanding" is from plen, which is a preposition meaning "except," or "save," with the genitive or "besides," and "in addition to." Often used with the negative as a conjunction, "except not."
τοῦτο [154 verses](adj sg neut nom/acc) "This" is toutos, (touto, toutou)which means "from here," "from there," "this [thing] there," or "that [person] here."
γινώσκετε [62 verses](verb 2nd pl pres imperat act) "Be ye sure," is ginosko which means "to learn to know," "to know by reflection or observation," and "to perceive."
ὅτι [332 verses](adv/conj) "for" is hoti, which introduces a statement of fact "with regard to the fact that," "seeing that," and acts as a causal adverb meaning "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."
ἤγγικεν [17 verses] (3rd perf act sg ind) "Is come nigh" is eggizo, which means "to bring near," "to join one things to another," to draw near," and "to approach." This word does not appear in the Perseus dictionary. It comes from an adverb ἐγγύς, eggys, which means 1) (of place) "near," "nigh," "at hand," 2) (of time) "nigh at hand" 3) (of numbers) "nearly," "almost," "coming near," and 4) (of relationship) "akin to."
ἡ [821 verses](article sg fem dat) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
βασιλείᾳ [98 verses](noun sg fem dat) "The kingdom" is basileia, which means "kingdom," "dominion," "hereditary monarchy," "kingly office," (passive) "being ruled by a king," and "reign."
τοῦ [821 verses] (article) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"), which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
θεοῦ. [144 verses]( noun sg masc gen ) "God" is theos, which means "God," "divine," and "Deity." -- The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity." It is introduced with an article, so "the God." Jesus often uses it this way perhaps to indicate the one God as opposed to the pagan gods.
The word translated as "dust" also means a dirty fellow.