Do -- This English helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in translation from Greek

not. -- The negative used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" or "think" something, not that it isn't done or thought.  When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause.

believe -- The Greek word translated as "believe" does not apply to religious belief as much but trusting or relying upon other people, especially their words. Jesus usually uses it in contexts, such as the one here, that apply to trusting words. This could be either a statement, as in the KJV, or a command, as translated here.

me -- The "me" is in the indirect object form of the first-person pronoun, so usually "to me,""for me," and "by me."

unless -- The word "unless" here is a combination of two Greek words "if not." The "if" expresses a condition but it means nothing regarding whether that condition is met or not. It also means "if ever" and "whenever." When citing a fact, as it could be here, the sense is more "since" or "as sure as." The negative used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" or "think" something, not that it isn't done or thought.  When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. It is appropriate both for "believe" as an opinion or if this is a command.

I-- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.

do -- The Greek word translated as "to do" has the primary meaning of "making" or producing" something or "causing" or "performing" as service. It describes a productive action.  It is not as broad a word as the English "do," which covers all actions, productive or not. 

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

works -- The Greek word translated as "works" means "deeds," "actions," and "things" in the sense of "every thing."

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession.

my -- "My" is the first-person possessive singular pronoun. This pronoun follows the noun so "of mine."

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article,"the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

Father, -- "Father" is the Greek noun that means "father" or any male ancestor so "forefathers." It is the word that Christ uses to address his own Father.