Mark 9:31 The Son of man is delivered into the hands of men...

Spoken to: 

Apostles

After traveling through Galilee incognito.

KJV: 

Mark 9:31 The Son of man is delivered into the hands of men, and they shall kill him; and after that he is killed, he shall rise the third day.

NIV : 

Mark 9:31 The Son of Man is going to be delivered into the hands of men. They will kill him, and after three days he will rise.

LISTENERS HEARD: 

The son of the man is given over into the hands of men, and they will destroy him and, being destroyed, after three days he will raise himself up. 

MY TAKE: 

They can't keep a truly good man down.

GREEK (Each Word Explained Bottom of Page): 

GREEK ORDER: 

    υἱὸς      τοῦ ἀνθρώπουπαραδίδοται   εἰς          χεῖρας     ἀνθρώπων,
The son   of the man          is given over  into the hands of men,

καὶ   ἀποκτενοῦσιν       αὐτόν, καὶ   ἀποκτανθεὶς         μετὰ τρεῖ ς ἡμέρας ἀναστήσεται.
and they will destroy him     and, being destroyed, after three days    he will raise himself up. 

LOST IN TRANSLATION: 

The phrase "the son of the man" is the common way Jesus refers to himself. The "the" is left out in translation. This  is discussed in detail in this article. Its sense is also "the child of the man."

Many modern Bibles change than "delivered to men" phrase into the future tense because Jesus has not yet been captures, but Jesus uses the present tense. This is either because the plot to capture him is already under way or because he is in human form.

"Kill" and "kill" are from a Greek word that means "destroy" more than just "kill" because the base word means "slay."  The prefix has the sense of "out" so a more thorough killing.

The word translated as "rise" primarily means "to raise up" but it also means "to wake up." It is in the middle voice so the sense is "raise himself up" or "wake himself up." In other verses, the form of this verb is passive not the middle voice.

# KJV TRANSLATION ISSUES: 

9
  • MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "man" is not shown in the English translation.
  • IP - Inserted Phrase-- The phrase "after that " doesn't exist in the source.
  • WF -- Wrong Form -  The "is" is not an active verb but a participle, "being."
  • IW - Inserted Word -- The word "he" doesn't exist in the source.
  • OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek word translated as "after " in the source we use today.
  • OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek word translated as "the" existed in the KJV Greek source but not the source we use today.
  • OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek word translated as "this" existed in the KJV Greek source but not the source we use today.
  • OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek word translated as "day" is singular in the KJV Greek source but plural in the source we use today.
  • MW -- Missing Word -- This verb is a middle voice, which requires a "by/for himself" or a "himself" as an object. 

# NIV TRANSLATION ISSUES: 

5
  • MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "man" is not shown in the English translation.
  • WT - Wrong Tense - The verbs "going to be" indicates the future tense, but that is not the tense here.
  • MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" is not shown in the English translation.
  • MW - Missing Word -- The word "being killed" is not shown in the English translation.
  • MW -- Missing Word -- This verb is a middle voice, which requires a "by/for himself" or a "himself" as an object. 

EACH WORD of KJV : 

The -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

Son -- The word translated as "son" more generally means "child" or "children". It can refer to all offspring in later generations, just like "father" refers to all previous generations. Jesus also used it metaphorically to describe those who follow a way of thought or set of beliefs that descend from an individual. More about it in this article.

of -- This comes from the form of following noun.

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.

man -- The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men", "people", and "peoples". 

is -- This is from the passive form of the following verb.

delivered -- "Delivered" is a compound word which literally means "to give over." It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that.  The verb form is either passive of the subject acting on himself. So "is delivered" or "delivers himself."

into -- The word translated as "unto" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure.

the -- There is no article in the Greek, but in English we use articles with plurals more often than not.

hands -- The Greek word translated as "hands" means "the hand and forearm". It can mean both the idea of a helping hand and being in someone's control. 

of -- This comes from the form of the following noun.

men, -- The Greek word for "men" also means "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, as it is here, it means "people" and "peoples".

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also."

they -- This is from the plural, third-person form of the verb.

shall -- This is from the future tense of the following verb.

kill -- "Kill" is from a verb that has the sense of "kill off," that is, destroy in a more thorough way. When we talk about "destroying" someone, we use it to mean destroying their reputation, the strength of their spirit and ideas as well as physically killing them. This is more the sense here.

him; -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.  The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. In the adverbial form, it  means "just here" or "exactly there." 

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also."

after that -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as "after that " in the Greek source.

he -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "he" in the Greek source.

is -- (WF) This is from the passive form of the verb. This is a participle, not an active verb.

killed, -- "Killed" is from a verb that has the sense of "kill off," that is, destroy in a more thorough way. It is the same verb as above, but in the form of an passive adjective, "being destroyed."

he -- This word is from the third-person, singular, masculine form of the verb.

shall -- This is from the future tense of the verb.

rise -- The Greek word translated as "rise" means "to make stand up". It is a different word than a more common word translated as "shall be raised" in other versions of this verse. This idea is usually passive, Jesus being raised, but here, he makes himself rise. 

missing "by himself" -- (MW)  The middle voice of the verb indicates that the subject does something to, for, or by himself.

missing "after"  -- -- (OS) There is an "after" in the source we use today but it does not exist in the source that the KJV translators used.

the -- (OS) There is nothing in the Greek that can be translated as "the" in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used.

third -- (OS) "Third" is from the Greek word that means the number "three" but the word "third" appeared in the KJV source. .

day. -- (OS) The Greek word translated as "day" also means "time," in general, and refers specifically to the "daytime." It is plural in today's source, but it was singular in the KJV source.

EACH WORD of NIV : 

The -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

Son -- The word translated as "son" more generally means "child" or "children". It can refer to all offspring in later generations, just like "father" refers to all previous generations. Jesus also used it metaphorically to describe those who follow a way of thought or set of beliefs that descend from an individual. More about it in this article.

of -- This comes from the form of following noun.

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.

Man -- The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men", "people", and "peoples". 

is -- This is from the passive form of the following verb.

going to be - -- (WT) This helping verbs "going to be" indicates the future tense, but the verb is not the future.

delivered -- "Delivered" is a compound word which literally means "to give over." It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that.  The verb form is either passive of the subject acting on himself. So "is delivered" or "delivers himself."

into -- The word translated as "unto" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure.

the -- There is no article in the Greek, but in English we use articles with plurals more often than not.

hands -- The Greek word translated as "hands" means "the hand and forearm". It can mean both the idea of a helping hand and being in someone's control. 

of -- This comes from the form of the following noun.

men, -- The Greek word for "men" also means "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, as it is here, it means "people" and "peoples".

missing "and"  -- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also."

They -- This is from the plural, third-person form of the verb.

will -- This is from the future tense of the following verb.

kill -- "Kill" is from a verb that has the sense of "kill off," that is, destroy in a more thorough way. When we talk about "destroying" someone, we use it to mean destroying their reputation, the strength of their spirit and ideas as well as physically killing them. This is more the sense here.

him; -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.  The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. In the adverbial form, it  means "just here" or "exactly there." 

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also."

missing "being killed"  -- (MW) The untranslated word  "kill off," that is, destroy in a more thorough way. It is the same verb as above, but in the form of an passive adjective, "being destroyed."

after -- "After" is the Greek word that usually means "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of." It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.

three - "Three" is from the Greek word that means the number three.

days. -- The Greek word translated as "days" also means "time," in general, and refers specifically to the "daytime."

he -- This word is from the third-person, singular, masculine form of the verb.

will -- This is from the future tense of the verb.

rise -- The Greek word translated as "rise" means "to make stand up". It is a different word than a more common word translated as "shall be raised" in other versions of this verse. This idea is usually passive, Jesus being raised, but here, he makes himself rise. 

missing "by himself" -- (MW)  The middle voice of the verb indicates that the subject does something to, for, or by himself.

COMPARISON: GREEK to KJV : 

[821 verses](article sg masc nom)  "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). 

υἱὸς [158 verses](noun sg masc nom​) "The Son" is huios, which means a "son," and more generally, a "child." It is used generally to refer to any male descendant.

τοῦ [821 verses](article sg masc gen)  Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").

ἀνθρώπου [209 verses](noun sg masc gen) "Of man" is from anthropos, which is "man," and, in plural, "mankind." It also means "humanity" and that which is human and opposed to that which is animal or inanimate. -- The Greek word for "of man" in the singular means "person" and "humanity" and "people" and "peoples" in the plural.

παραδίδοται (verb 3rd sg pres ind mp) "Is delivered" is paradidomi, which means "to give over to another", "to transmit", "to hand down", "to grant", "to teach," and "to bestow."

εἰς  [325 verses](prep) "Hands" is from cheir, which means "the hand and arm," and "with the help of agency of another." Like "hand" in English, it has a lot of meanings including "an act or deed", "a body of people," and the measurement "handful."

χεῖρας [25 verses](noun pl fem acc) "Hands" is from cheir, which means "the hand and arm," and "with the help of agency of another." Like "hand" in English, it has a lot of meanings including "an act or deed", "a body of people," and the measurement "handful."

ἀνθρώπων, [209 verses](noun pl masc gen) "Of men" is anthropos, which is "man," and, in plural, "mankind." It also means "humanity" and that which is human and opposed to that which is animal or inanimate.

καὶ [1089 verses](conj) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."

ἀποκτενοῦσιν  [31 verses](verb 3rd pl fut ind act)  "They shall kill" is apokteinô, which is a stronger form of kteinô, which means "to slay." It means to "condemn to death" and "put to death."

αὐτὸν [124 verses](pron/(adj sg masc acc)) "Him" is auton, is the masculine, accusative case of the third-person, singular adjective that is used as a pronoun. The word also means "the same," and "of one's own accord." -

καὶ  [1089 verses](conj) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."

ἀποκτανθεὶς   [31 verses](part sg aor pass masc nom) "Is killed" is apokteinô, which is a stronger form of kteinô, which means "to slay." It means to "condemn to death" and "put to death."

μετὰ [103 verses](prep) Untranslated is meta, which means "with", "in the midst of", "among", "between", "in common", "along with", "by the aid of", "in one's dealings with", "into the middle of", "coming into", "in pursuit of", "after", "behind", "according to," and "next afterward."

τρεῖς   [5 verses](adj pl fem acc) "Third" is from treis, which means the number three. --

ἡμέρας [96 verses(noun pl fem acc) "Days" is from hemera, which, as a noun, means "day" "a state or time of life", "a time (poetic)", "day break" and "day time." It is also and also has a second meaning, of "quiet", "tame (animals)", "cultivated (crops)," and "civilized (people)." --

ἀναστήσεται. [28 verses](verb 3rd sg fut ind mid causal) "Rise up" is from anistemi, which means "to make stand up", "to raise up", "to raise from sleep", "to wake up", "to raise from the dead", "to rouse to action", "to put up for sale", "to make people rise", "to emigrate", "to transplant," and "to rise and leave the sanctuary."

Related Verses: 

Possible Symbolic Meaning: 

Why does this verse follow directly on the previous verse about the nature of spirit and unclean spirits? Perhaps because in discussing the nature of spirit, Christ is reminding of his own death, the survival of his spirit, and its reanimation of his body. This reflects directly have to the transfiguration that began this chapter.

Unimportant Opinions and Imaginings: 

tritos - this is added to make this show up on "third day" searches. 

Front Page Date: 

Jun 9 2023